Impacts of rising temperatures and water acidification on the oxidative status and immune system of aquatic ectothermic vertebrates: A meta-analysis

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 868, P. 161580 - 161580

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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Evidence linking cadmium and/or lead exposure to immunomodulatory effects in mammals based upon an adverse outcome pathways approach, and research perspectives

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 371, P. 144056 - 144056

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

For decades, studies have shown how exposure to non-essential trace metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) largely impact global wildlife. Ecoimmunotoxicology has emerged in the past two decades focuses on effects of pollutants immune system free-ranging organisms. Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) represent a conceptual approach explore mechanistic linkage between molecular initiating event adverse outcomes, potentially at all biological levels organisation. The present paper proposes putative AOPs related Cd, Pb, mixture Cd-Pb, mammals address future questions ecoimmunotoxicology. Molecular Initiating Events for both relate entrance cells through Ca2+ channels or bond cell surfaces. Exposure Pb Cd-Pb share several similar Key (KEs), primarily an increase oxidative stress (OS) production reactive oxygen species. mixture, OS affects mitochondrial membranes, induces apoptosis, ultimately decreasing number. Both affect innate nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory signalling pathways, leading upregulation markers mediators. Adaptive is also affected by though decrease CD4+/CD8+ ratio, MHCII, inactivation TH1 TH2 response, inhibition humoral response mediated various Ig. Mixture are less documented resulting more speculative AOP, but potential synergic antagonistic were identified. According our AOPs, further research ecoimmunotoxicology should focus KEs NF-κB/MAPK changes ratio MHCII complexes, AOs auto-immune disorders effective infection rate, particularly case metal mixtures.

Language: Английский

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Capturing wild animal welfare: a physiological perspective

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 99(1), P. 1 - 22

Published: Aug. 27, 2023

ABSTRACT Affective states, such as emotions, are presumably widespread across the animal kingdom because of adaptive advantages they supposed to confer. However, study affective states animals has thus far been largely restricted enhancing welfare managed by humans in non‐natural contexts. Given diversity wild and variable conditions can experience, extending studies on natural that most experience will allow us broaden deepen our general understanding welfare. Yet, this same makes examining highly challenging. There is therefore a need for unifying theoretical frameworks methodological approaches guide researchers keen engage promising research area. The aim article help advance important area highlighting central relationship between physiology rectify its apparent oversight, revealed current scientific literature animals. Moreover, emphasises including physiological markers assess (e.g. objectivity, comparability, condition range, temporality), well their concomitant limitations only access peripheral with complex relationships states). Best‐practice recommendations replication multifactorial approaches) also provided be used effectively appropriately when assessing habitat. This review seeks provide foundation new distinct vast applied potential: physiology.

Language: Английский

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A blood-based multi-biomarker approach reveals different physiological responses of common kestrels to contrasting environments

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 251, P. 118674 - 118674

Published: March 16, 2024

The increase of urbanization and agricultural activities is causing a dramatic reduction natural environments. As consequence, animals need to physiologically adjust these novel environments, in order exploit them for foraging breeding. aim this work was compare the physiological status among nestling common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) that were raised nest-boxes located more natural, rural, or urban areas landscape with mosaic land uses around Rome Central Italy. A blood-based multi-biomarker approach applied evaluate responses at multiple levels, including antioxidant concentrations, immunological functions, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity. We found lower concentrations glutathione GSH:GSSG ratio values higher proportions monocytes birds compared other areas. also DNA damage rural krestels inhibition butyrylcholinesterase activity area. Finally, we similar study respiratory burst, complement system, bactericidal capacity, plasma non-enzymatic capacity. These results suggest (i) city life does not necessarily cause alterations habitats, (ii) environmental pressures are likely differ typology intensity across habitats requiring specific can help detect. Further studies needed assess which factors responsible differences city, birds, whether consistent time space.

Language: Английский

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Fibropapillomatosis Dynamics, Severity and Demographic Effect in Caribbean Green Turtles

EcoHealth, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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Blood Parasite Diversity and Zoonotic Risk in Captive Sun-Tailed Monkeys from Gabon

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 70(2), P. 16 - 16

Published: April 28, 2025

The present study investigates the prevalence and diversity of Plasmodium Trypanosoma infections in Allochrocebus solatus, a vulnerable primate species native to Gabon. Using molecular techniques like nested PCR phylogenetic analysis, we found 34.0% infection rate for malaria parasites infection, 21.3% spp., 12.8% co-infections. Additionally, Hepatocystis was exclusively detected among parasites, while brucei brucei, T. vivax, congolense were identified. These results underscore complex host–parasite interactions influenced by captivity ecological immunological consequences such infections, particularly increased susceptibility associated with captivity-induced stress. This preliminary highlights need ongoing surveillance mitigate health risks primates prevent potential zoonotic spillovers, providing critical data conservation efforts.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative status: A general but overlooked indicator of welfare across animal species?

BioEssays, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(8)

Published: June 4, 2024

Because of their ubiquity, plasticity, and direct effects on the nervous system, markers oxidative status may be great value to assess animal welfare across species conditions in wild. However, biologists have not yet seized this opportunity, possibly because validity these as indicators remains questionable. A validation process was, therefore, performed here using a meta-analytical approach considering three assumed impair animals. With very few exceptions, two four considered consistently varied negatively-valenced conditions. By highlighting current underrepresentation studies, by concretely illustrating that some can reflect negative affective states, article aims encourage include physiological toolbox better measure, monitor, perhaps also improve animals natural habitat.

Language: Английский

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Correlated evolution of oxidative physiology and MHC-based immunosurveillance in birds

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2025)

Published: June 1, 2024

Maintenance and activation of the immune system incur costs, not only in terms substrates energy but also via collateral oxidative damage to host cells or tissues during response. So far, associations between function have been primarily investigated at intra-specific scales. Here, we hypothesized that pathogen-driven selection should favour evolution effective immunosurveillance mechanisms (e.g. major histocompatibility complex, MHC) antioxidant defences mitigate resulting from function. Using phylogenetically informed comparative approaches, provided evidence for correlated physiology MHC-based birds. Species selected more robust (higher gene copy numbers allele diversity) showed stronger defences, although MHC diversity still a positive evolutionary association with lipids. Our results indicate historical highly duplicated diverse could promoted efficient mechanisms, these solutions may be insufficient keep stress bounds. Although precise nature mechanistic links remains unclear, our study suggests general investment require co-adaptations level metabolism.

Language: Английский

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Increased male-induced harm in response to female-limited selection: interactive effects between intra- and interlocus sexual conflict?

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 290(1997)

Published: April 26, 2023

Interlocus sexual conflict (IRSC) occurs because of shared interactions that have opposite effects on male and female fitness. Typically, it is assumed loci involved in IRSC sex-limited expression are thus not directly affected by selective pressures acting the other sex. However, if pleiotropic sex, intersexual selection can shape evolutionary dynamics escalation resolution, as well evolution reproductive traits linked to loci, vice versa. Here we used an artificial approach Japanese quail ( Coturnix japonica ) test female-limited investment affects amount harm caused males during mating. We found originating from lines selected for high more oxidative damage tract than low investment. This male-induced was specific oviduct tissues, suggesting ejaculate-mediated. Our results suggest shapes may contribute maintenance variation

Language: Английский

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Adaptive plastic responses to metal contamination in a multistress context: a field experiment in fish

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(19), P. 55678 - 55698

Published: March 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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