Ocular neuroinflammatory response secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection-a review

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

With the consistent occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, prevalence various ocular complications has increased over time. SARS-CoV-2 infection been shown to have neurotropism and therefore lead not only peripheral inflammatory responses but also neuroinflammation. Because receptor for SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2), can be found in many intraocular tissues, disease 2019 (COVID-19) may contribute persistent neuroinflammation, microcirculation dysfunction symptoms. Increased awareness neuroinflammation future research on interventional strategies are important improving long-term outcomes, reducing burden, quality life. Therefore, aim this review is focus discuss current evidence perspectives, especially possible connections between conditions potential treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of Pulmonary Vasculopathy in Acute and Long-Term COVID-19: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 4941 - 4941

Published: April 30, 2024

Despite the end of pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a major public health concern. The first waves virus led to better understanding its pathogenesis, highlighting fact that there is specific pulmonary vascular disorder. Indeed, COVID-19 may predispose patients thrombotic in both venous and arterial circulation, many cases severe acute embolism have been reported. demonstrated presence respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within endothelial cells suggests direct viral effects, addition indirect effects perivascular inflammation coagulopathy, contribute vasculopathy COVID-19. In this review, we discuss pathological mechanisms leading damage during infection, which appear be mainly related thromboembolic events, an impaired coagulation cascade, micro- macrovascular thrombosis, endotheliitis hypoxic vasoconstriction. As develop post-COVID symptoms, including dyspnea, also hypothesis hypertension as sequela involved pathophysiology long COVID.

Language: Английский

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Association between NOS3 gene rs1799983 polymorphism and the risk of developing preeclampsia as well as susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy

Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproduction, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 158 - 167

Published: May 10, 2025

Introduction . Preeclampsia (РЕ) is a complication of pregnancy resulting from generalized vascular dysfunction. Systemic endotheliopathy also emerges due to viral infection such as caused by SARS-CoV-2. A verified marker endothelial damage decrease in cell-produced nitric oxide (NO) level. NOS3 gene encoding the enzyme synthase responsible for NO synthesis. Aim : assess an association between rs1799983 single nucleotide polymorphism and risk developing РЕ well susceptibility SARS-CoV-2 during women living Republic Tatarstan. Materials Methods. case-control retrospective observational study with 416 was conducted at Sadykov City Clinical Hospital No. 7. Patients were divided into following groups: group 1 – 119 patients РЕ, without signs infection; 2 98 pregnant moderate hypertensive disorders. Control consisted 199 normotension gestation period, no infection. Maternal whole blood specimens analyzed study. genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results comparatively assessed prevalence genotypes demonstrated statistical significance control (p < 0.05). Carriage G allele G/G genotype associated РЕ. No carriage observed > Conclusion The revealed but not

Language: Английский

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Clinical Characteristics and Mechanisms of Acute Myocarditis

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 135(2), P. 397 - 411

Published: July 4, 2024

URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT05335928.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 S-protein expression drives syncytia formation in endothelial cells

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

SARS-CoV-2 is a viral infection, best studied in the context of epithelial cell infection. Epithelial cells, when infected with express S-protein, which causes host cells to fuse together into large multi-nucleated known as syncytia. Because infections also frequently present cardiovascular phenotypes, we sought understand if S-protein expression would result syncytia formation endothelial cells. was sufficient induce an average 10% all forming 6 nuclei per after 72 h expression. Formation associated gaps between suggesting potential for compromise barrier function. Inhibition myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), but not Rho-associated protein kinase, inhibited syncytia, role MLCK formation. Further supporting cellular contractility formation, observed reduction occurrence grown on substrates reduced stiffness. are exposed physiological forces due blood flow, examined effects cyclic biaxial stretch and fluid shear stress. While did affect stress were more resistant Finally, that suitable infection replication, Our studies indicate addition should be considered target driver COVID-19-associated pathology.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 enhances complement-mediated endothelial injury via suppression of membrane complement regulatory proteins

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Complement hyperactivation and thrombotic microangiopathy are closely associated with severe COVID-19. Endothelial dysfunction is a key mechanism underlying microangiopathy. To address the relationship between endothelial injury, complement activation of COVID-19, we wonder whether, if so, what how SARS-CoV-2 factors make cells (ECs) sensitive to complement-mediated cytotoxicity. We revealed that multiple proteins enhanced cytotoxicity ECs via inhibiting membrane regulatory (CRPs) enhancing deposition recognizing component FCN1. By screening CRISPR/Cas9-gRNA libraries, identified ADAMTS9, SYAP1 HIGD1A as intrinsic regulators CD59 on were inhibited by M, NSP16 ORF9b proteins. IFN-γ, GM-CSF IFN-α upregulated CD55 CD59, which IFN-γ antagonized inhibition three So, deficiency weakened protection CRPs against injury may be during infection. Our findings illustrated regulation attack self-cells infection immune responses, providing insights for potential targets treating

Language: Английский

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CCL2-mediated endothelial injury drives cardiac dysfunction in long COVID

Nature Cardiovascular Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(10), P. 1249 - 1265

Published: Oct. 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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The High Levels of Soluble Receptors for Tumor Necrosis Factor and Heart Injury in Children with the Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Associated with Coronavirus Infection: Is This Just a Coincidence? A Proof-of-Concept Study

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 924 - 924

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

(1) Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) is a relatively rare complication of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). So far, it unclear why COVID-19 in children has usually mild or asymptomatic courses, whereas PIMS, which develops several weeks after COVID-19, serious life-threatening condition. (2) In this proof-of-concept study, using the ELISA method, we compared selected clinical and immunological parameters small groups with PIMS COVID-19. Children various diseases were included as control. (3) Patients revealed significantly higher levels pro-inflammatory molecules (C-reactive protein IL-6) markers heart injury (troponin I N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide) to other groups. Moreover, these correlated increased soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor (sTNF-R1 sTNF-R2). (4) Our observation may be step forward better understand phenomenon its severe complications PIMS. It hypothesized that delayed inflammation results excessive cardiomyocyte damage release sTNF-R1 -R2. Therefore, possibly involvement TNF pathway could explored potential therapeutic target. However, further studies are required validate approach.

Language: Английский

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Positionspapier zum Post-COVID-Syndrom

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

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Abnormal Coronary Vascular Response in Patients with Long COVID Syndrome – a Case-Control Study Using Oxygenation-Sensitive Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101890 - 101890

Published: April 1, 2025

Following the world-wide COVID-19 pandemic, many patients reported ongoing severe cardiovascular symptoms after acute phase. This multisystemic condition has been named long COVID syndrome. Whilst magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is gold standard to diagnose myocardial damage, no specific changes have shown in patients. However, endothelial dysfunction hypothesized contribute its pathogenesis. Oxygenation-sensitive CMR during breathing exercise a simple, non-invasive and accurate test objectify vascular function, that not applied yet. After receiving approval from local ethics committee, this prospective observational case-control study enrolled (i) reporting for ≥6 weeks following an infection or vaccination, (ii) healthy volunteers with neither nor history of disease. Participants completed questionnaire, point-of-care testing cardiac biomarkers, non-contrast oxygenation-sensitive CMR. Heart rate response breathing-induced oxygenation reserve (B-MORE) were assessed metronome-paced hyperventilation apnea. 31 (17 female; age 39.4 [30.3; 51.6] years) 27 controls (12 33.3 [27.3; 46.8]) included comparable demographics risk factors between groups. Laboratory did reveal any pathologies either Indexed left ventricular stroke volume was significantly lower (44.5ml [41.2; 46.6] vs. 55.9ml [49.2; 59.2]; p<0.001), whilst ejection fraction longitudinal strain both ventricles (p>0.05 all). Vasoactive exercises induced significant increase heart (+35/min [21; 45]) B-MORE (9.8% [4.3; 17.2]) controls. In however, blunted (+15/min [7; 26]; p<0.001) (7.3% [3.4; 10.4], p=0.044). pilot first show hemodynamic vasoactive maneuvers may be complaints affected indicates evidence crucial role endothelium pathophysiology COVID.

Language: Английский

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