Progress and Challenges of Protecting North American Ash Trees from the Emerald Ash Borer Using Biological Control

Forests, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 142 - 142

Published: March 15, 2018

After emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, was discovered in the United States, a classical biological control program initiated against this destructive pest of trees (Fraxinus spp.). This biocontrol began 2007 after federal regulatory agencies and state Michigan approved release three EAB parasitoid species from China: Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Eulophidae), Spathius agrili (Braconidae), Oobius Zhang Huang (Encyrtidae). A fourth parasitoid, galinae Belokobylskij (Braconidae) Russia, for 2015. We review rationale ecological premises program, then report on progress North American recovery southern Michigan, where parasitoids were first released. also identify challenges to conserving native Fraxinus using aftermath invasion, provide suggestions improvements as spreads throughout America. conclude that more work is needed to: (1) evaluate establishment impact agents different climate zones; (2) determine combined effect host plant resistance or tolerance regeneration species; (3) expand foreign exploration natural enemies Asia.

Language: Английский

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Progress and gaps in understanding mechanisms of ash tree resistance to emerald ash borer, a model for wood‐boring insects that kill angiosperms

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 209(1), P. 63 - 79

Published: Aug. 13, 2015

Summary We review the literature on host resistance of ash to emerald borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis ), an invasive species that causes widespread mortality ash. Manchurian ( Fraxinus mandshurica which coevolved with EAB, is more resistant than evolutionarily naïve North American and European congeners. was less preferred for adult feeding oviposition susceptible hosts, larval feeding, had higher constitutive concentrations bark lignans, coumarins, proline, tyramine defensive proteins, characterized by faster oxidation phenolics. Consistent EAB being a secondary colonizer drought stress decreased ash, but no effect phenolics, suggesting they do not contribute increased susceptibility in response stress. The induced exogenous application methyl jasmonate associated verbascoside, lignin and/or trypsin inhibitors, survival growth bioassays. This finding suggests these inherently possess latent defenses are naturally colonization, perhaps because fail recognize cues or respond quickly enough. Finally, we propose future research directions would address some critical knowledge gaps. Contents 63 I. Introduction 64 II. Emerald life cycle range III. Mechanisms 65 IV. Nutritional quality primary metabolites 71 V. Conclusions 72 Acknowledgements 75 References

Language: Английский

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Ongoing regeneration of ash and co-occurring species 20 years following invasion by emerald ash borer

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 580, P. 122546 - 122546

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Fraxinus: A Plant with Versatile Pharmacological and Biological Activities

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 2017(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

Fraxinus , a member of the Oleaceae family, commonly known as ash tree is found in northeast Asia, north America, east and western France, China, northern areas Pakistan, India, Afghanistan. Chemical constituents plant include various secoiridoids, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, coumarins, lignans; therefore, it considered with versatile biological pharmacological activities. Its tremendous range pharmacotherapeutic properties has been well documented including anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, neuroprotective. In addition, its bioactive phytochemicals secondary metabolites can be effectively used cosmetic industry competent antiaging agent. presents effectiveness by targeting novel targets several pathological conditions, which provide spacious therapeutic time window. Our aim to update scientific research community recent endeavors specifically highlighting mechanism action different diseases. This potentially efficacious drug candidate should for new discovery future. review suggests that this extremely important medicinal utilization but further supporting studies experimentations are mandatory determine specific intracellular site completely figure out applications.

Language: Английский

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Challenges, tactics and integrated management of emerald ash borer in North America

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 24, 2019

Abstract Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), discovered in southeastern Michigan, USA 2002, has become the most destructive and costly invasive forest insect North America. This phloem-boring beetle also invaded Moscow, Russia continued spread of EAB potentially threatens European (Fraxinus spp.) species. review summarizes life history, including interspecific variation host preference, invasion impacts challenges detecting new infestations provides an overview available management tactics. Advances systemic insecticides, particularly emamectin benzoate products applied via trunk injection, have yielded effective practical options both to protect individual trees slow population growth decline on area-wide basis without disrupting natural enemies. Economic costs treating are substantially lower than removal costs, retain ecosystem services provided by trees, reduce sociocultural conserve genetic diversity areas EAB. Girdled highly attractive adults low-density populations debarking small girdled locate larval galleries is detection method. An array woodpeckers, native parasitoids introduced attack stages but mortality variable. Area-wide strategies that integrate insecticide-treated trap biological control can be adapted for local conditions impacts.

Language: Английский

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The Natural Evolutionary Potential of Tree Populations to Cope with Newly Introduced Pests and Pathogens—Lessons Learned From Forest Health Catastrophes in Recent Decades

Current Forestry Reports, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 18 - 29

Published: Feb. 2, 2016

Language: Английский

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Legacy effects of emerald ash borer on riparian forest vegetation and structure

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 457, P. 117684 - 117684

Published: Nov. 26, 2019

Language: Английский

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Prioritizing the conservation needs of United States tree species: Evaluating vulnerability to forest insect and disease threats

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 18, P. e00622 - e00622

Published: April 1, 2019

Abstract Insect and disease infestations pose major threats to several North American forest tree species. Scientists managers from throughout the United States Forest Service developed a conservation priority-setting framework for species at risk insects other threats. The Project CAPTURE (Conservation Assessment Prioritization of Trees Under Risk Extirpation) is data-driven guided by expert opinion, allowing quantitative grouping into vulnerability classes that may require different management strategies. We applied this categorize prioritize 419 native conservation, monitoring, using trait data insect threat each host categorization based on factors relating species’ (1) severity, (2) sensitivity infestation, (3) capacity adapt infestation. used K-means clustering group 11 these dimensions. three most vulnerable encompassed 15 which immediate intervention. Two additional face less severe be good candidates resistance breeding efforts. Other groups had traits associated with high and/or low adaptive potential future threats, suggesting need close monitoring. This assessment tool should valuable decision-makers determining populations target monitoring efforts pro-active gene activities.

Language: Английский

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Riparian forest conditions along three northern Michigan rivers following Emerald Ash Borer invasion

Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 50(8), P. 800 - 810

Published: April 14, 2020

Emerald Ash Borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera, Buprestidae)) has killed millions of ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees since its 2002 detection in southern Michigan and Ontario. Effects EAB riparian forests, where species are often abundant, could influence terrestrial aquatic conditions but largely unknown. We surveyed vegetation coarse woody material within between three gaps forests along stretches rivers northwestern Michigan. Gaps were originally dominated by Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. nigra Marsh., which comprised 46%–71% total basal area, while <10% area gaps. More than 95% overstory EAB. saplings abundant F. regeneration was minimal. Few tree seedlings occurred gaps, dense sedge mats. Aerial imagery showed the invasion resulted 3.6–7.1 canopy gaps·km −1 dead account for 13%–21% 100 m banks all rivers. Long-term monitoring will be useful to evaluate persistence ash, particularly nigra, stability buffers, potential indirect effects on adjacent systems.

Language: Английский

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Protection of North American ash against emerald ash borer with biological control: ecological premises and progress toward success

BioControl, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 68(2), P. 87 - 100

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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