Spatial Distribution of Genetic, Ploidy, and Morphological Variation of the Edaphic Steno-Endemic Alyssum moellendorfianum (Brassicaceae) from the Western Balkans

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 146 - 146

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Polyploidy is a powerful mechanism driving genetic, physiological, and phenotypic changes among cytotypes of the same species across both large small geographic scales. These can significantly shape population structure increase evolutionary adaptation potential cytotypes. Alyssum moellendorfianum, an edaphic steno-endemic with narrow distribution in Balkan Peninsula, serves as intriguing case study. We conducted comprehensive analysis genetic diversity species' range, employing array techniques (nuclear microsatellites, amplified fragment length polymorphisms, plastid DNA sequences), flow cytometry (FCM), morphometry, pollen analysis. The study reveals two lineages: spatially distributed diploid tetraploid Clear divergence between diploids tetraploids was shown by AFLP, while sequences confirmed private haplotypes each studied populations. Higher allelic richness following north-south pattern were documented compared to diploids, indicated nuclear microsatellites. Morphometric via principal component (PCA) canonical discriminant (CDA) did not reveal any Nonetheless, distinction size clearly observed. results suggest autopolyploid origin from ancestors. Despite fragmentation very these populations harbour high diversity, which would allow them remain stable if natural processes undisturbed.

Language: Английский

Genomic basis of adaptation to serpentine soil in two Alyssum species shows convergence with Arabidopsis across 20 million years of divergence

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Abstract Background and Aims Serpentine outcrops, characterized by low nutrient availability, high heavy metal concentrations, propensity to drought, island-like distributions, offer valuable systems study parallelisms in repeated adaptation extreme environments. While shared phenotypic manifestation of serpentine environments has been investigated many species, it is still unclear whether there may be a common genetic basis underlying such responses. Here we assess local soil infer the parallel signatures two thus far unexplored closely related Alyssum gmelinii spruneri (Brassicaceae). Then measure gene- function-level convergence with previously explored Arabidopsis arenosa , reveal candidate adaptive strategies within Brassicaceae. Methods We tested for using reciprocal substrate-transplant experiment A. . Then, after assembling reference genome, generated population-level sequencing data four population pairs performed genome scans directional selection genes Finally, compared gene lists those inferred similar experiments used protein-protein interaction networks discern functional adaptation. Key Results Independent colonization populations associated footprints on ion transport homeostasis, water uptake, life-history traits germination reproduction. Reciprocal transplant demonstrated that adapted plants germinate sooner exhibit better growth conditions while excluding metals increasing Ca uptake their tissues. significant fraction molecular pathways Conclusions show multi-factorial challenge imposed involves key are not only between but also Brassicaceae tribes ∼20 Mya divergence.

Language: Английский

Phylogenomic analyses and chromosome ploidy identification reveal multiple cryptic species in Allium sikkimense complex (Amaryllidaceae)

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Polyploidization is a process that typically leads to instantaneous reproductive isolation and has, therefore, been considered as one of the major evolutionary forces in species-rich Hengduan Mountains (HM), yet this topic remains poorly studied region. Allium sikkimense its relatives (about eight species) compose natural diploid–polyploid complex with highest diversity HM adjacent areas. A combination nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA), plastome, transcriptome, ploidy identification through chromosome counting flow cytometry employed reconstruct phylogenetic relationships investigate frequency significance polyploidy complex. The plastome failed resolve different species A. complex, tree based on nrDNA also has limited resolution. However, our study reveals well-resolved framework for using more than 1,000 orthologous genes from transcriptome data. Previously recognized morphospecies are non-monophyletic comprise at least two independently evolved lineages (i.e., cryptic species), each forming clade diploid embedded pattern octoploid jichouense tetraploid sp. nov. within polyploid samples supports possible scenario budding speciation (via niche divergence). Furthermore, results reveal co-occurring usually have levels, suggesting an important sympatric species. Phylogenetic network analyses suggested allowing reticulation events, always fit dataset better simple bifurcating tree. In addition, included or exserted filaments, which long used delimit species, highly unreliable taxonomically due their extensive parallel convergent evolution.

Language: Английский