Direct and indirect fitness effects of competition limit evolution of allelopathy in an invading plant DOI Creative Commons
Richard Honor, Mia Marcellus, Robert I. Colautti

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 29, 2023

Abstract Invading species encounter novel communities of consumers, pathogens, and competitors. Both phenotypic plasticity rapid evolution can facilitate invasion across these heterogenous communities. However, the rate extent adaptive on contemporary timescales be constrained by genetic architecture traits under selection. We measured quantified variation for growth, leaf chlorophyll a (Chl ) glucosinolates, lifetime fitness among 23 naturally inbred seed families Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) collected its invasive range in eastern North America. After growing self-pollinated generation uniform common garden to reduce maternal effects, we reared second-generation plants two-year greenhouse field experiment with naïve soil from an uninvaded habitat. estimated selection gradients causal factors affecting when alone, intraspecific competitor, interspecific competition Acer saccharum (sugar maple) saplings. defined Total Metabolite Production (TMP) as first principal component Chl glucosinolate concentrations, accounting 84% two traits. TMP was significantly plastic environments ( p < 0.001) limited broad-sense heritability H 2 = 2.91; 0.08). Path analysis revealed that phenotypes higher had indirect positive effect A. via direct, negative performance In contrast, second Relative Glucosinolate Investment (RGI), which heritable 16.91, no detectable treatments. Variation RGI genotypes fitness. Synthesis. Adaptive allelopathy during has been (i) lack allelopathy, (ii) high treatments, (iii) lower competition. As alternative eco-evolutionary feedbacks, may overlooked explanation variable introduced range.

Language: Английский

Long-term studies provide unique insights into evolution DOI
James T. Stroud, William C. Ratcliff

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 639(8055), P. 589 - 601

Published: March 19, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Direct and indirect fitness effects of plant metabolites, and genetic constraints, limit evolution of allelopathy in an invading plant DOI Creative Commons
Richard Honor, Mia Marcellus, Robert I. Colautti

et al.

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Abstract Invading species encounter novel communities of consumers, pathogens and competitors. Both phenotypic plasticity rapid evolution can facilitate invasion across these heterogenous communities. However, adaptive be constrained by the genetic architecture traits under selection. We measured quantified variation for growth, leaf chlorophyll a (Chl ), glucosinolate concentration lifetime fitness among 22 naturally inbred seed families Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) collected its invasive range in eastern North America. After growing self‐pollinated generation uniform common garden to reduce maternal effects, we reared second‐generation plants 2‐year greenhouse field experiment with soil from an uninvaded habitat. estimated selection gradients causal factors affecting A. when alone, intraspecific competitor, interspecific competition naïve Acer saccharum (sugar maple) saplings. defined Total Metabolite Production (TMP) as first principal component Chl Relative Glucosinolate Investment (RGI) second component. TMP accounted 84% two traits, significant environments ( p < 0.001), but non‐significant broad‐sense heritability H 2 = 2.91; 0.08). Path analysis revealed that plastic phenotypes higher had indirect positive effect on via direct, negative performance In contrast, RGI was significantly heritable 16.91, 0.001) no detectable treatments. Elevated genotypes fitness. Synthesis. A proposed model allelopathy‐mediated during is unlikely . due (i) low high production (ii) cost competition. Overall, find evidence allelopathy or response competition, despite costs suggests glucosinolates play other important ecological roles.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The Interplay of Genetic Predisposition, Circadian Misalignment, and Metabolic Regulation in Obesity DOI Creative Commons
Sajal Kumar Halder, Girish C. Melkani

Current Obesity Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 1, 2025

Abstract Purpose of Review This review explores the complex interplay between genetic predispositions to obesity, circadian rhythms, metabolic regulation, and sleep. It highlights how factors underlying obesity exacerbate dysfunction through misalignment examines promising interventions mitigate these effects. Recent Findings Genome-wide association Studies (GWAS) have identified numerous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with traits, attributing 40–75% heritability body mass index (BMI). These findings illuminate critical links clocks, processes. SNPs in clock-related genes influence pathways, disruptions rhythms—driven by poor sleep hygiene or erratic eating patterns—amplifying dysfunction. Circadian synchronized 24-h light–dark cycle, regulate key activities, including glucose metabolism, lipid storage, energy utilization. Genetic mutations external disruptions, such as irregular habits, can destabilize promoting weight gain disorders. Summary individuals disrupts release hormones, leptin insulin, impairing hunger regulation fat storage. Interventions like time-restricted feeding (TRF) structured physical activity offer strategies restore harmony, improve health, obesity-related risks.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Changes in leaf economic trait relationships across a precipitation gradient are related to differential gene expression in a C4 perennial grass DOI Creative Commons
Robert W. Heckman, Michael J. Aspinwall, Samuel H. Taylor

et al.

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 28, 2025

Summary The leaf economics spectrum (LES) describes a suite of functional traits that consistently covary at large spatial and taxonomic scales. Despite its importance these larger scales, few studies have examined the major drivers intraspecific variation in LES – phenotypic plasticity standing genetic variation. Using experimental precipitation manipulations, we whether covariation among selection on trait combinations change as diverse genotypes widespread perennial grass Panicum virgatum are exposed to differences precipitation. We also used RNA‐Seq examine groups co‐expressed genes align with function processes hypothesized underlie LES. Water availability impacted important ways between (i.e. correlational selection) tended be strongest when water was high. Additionally, many associated functioned may explain how originates, such chloroplasts, cell walls, nitrogen metabolism. is likely an modulator evolution P. can better understood by examining gene expression.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Repeated Divergence in Opsin Gene Expression Mirrors Photic Habitat Changes in Rapidly Evolving Crater Lake Cichlid Fishes DOI

César Bertinetti,

Andreas Härer, Nidal Karagic

et al.

The American Naturalist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 203(5), P. 604 - 617

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

AbstractSelection pressures differ along environmental gradients, and traits tightly linked to fitness (e.g., the visual system) are expected track such variation. Along adaptation local conditions might be due heritable nonheritable environmentally induced Disentangling these sources of phenotypic variation requires studying closely related populations in nature laboratory. The Nicaraguan lakes represent an gradient photic from clear crater very turbid great lakes. From two old, lakes, Midas cichlid fish (

Language: Английский

Citations

3
A Comparative Study of Body Size Evolution in Moths: Evidence of Correlated Evolution with Feeding and Phenology-Related Traits DOI
Stênio Ítalo Araújo Foerster, John T. Clarke, Erki Õunap

et al.

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(8), P. 891 - 904

Published: June 7, 2024

Interspecific variation in body size is one of the most popular topics comparative studies. Despite recent advances, little known about patterns and processes behind evolution insects. Here, we used a robust data set comprising all geometrid moth species occurring Northern Europe to examine evolutionary associations involving several life-history traits under an explicitly phylogenetic framework. We provided new insights into interactive effects on evidence correlated evolution. further established sequence trait linking with it. found that (but not all) studied traits, some extent, influenced interspecific size, but were uncommon. Both bi- multivariate analyses indicated larger tend be nocturnal flyers, overwinter larval stage, feed foliage trees rather than herbs, have generalist feeding behaviour. overwintering host-plant growth form, dietary specialization. The examination transitions within models signalled as larvae commonly preceded large sizes, did tree By showing both it evolve at very slow rates, caution against uncritical attempts propose causal explanations for respective based contemporary ecological settings.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
The macroevolutionary adaptive landscape: more than a metaphor? DOI Open Access

Matt Pennell,

Daohan Jiang

Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 78(4), P. 792 - 795

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Capitalizing genebank core collections for rare and novel disease resistance loci to enhance barley resilience DOI Creative Commons
Zhihui Yuan, Maximilian Rembe, Martin Mascher

et al.

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 75(18), P. 5940 - 5954

Published: June 27, 2024

In the realm of agricultural sustainability, utilization plant genetic resources for enhanced disease resistance is paramount. Preservation efforts in genebanks are justified by their potential contributions to future crop improvement. To capitalize on resources, we focused a barley core collection from German ex situ genebank and contrasted it with European elite collection. The phenotypic assessment included 812 298 elites, particular emphasis four traits (Puccinia hordei, Blumeria graminis Ramularia collo-cygni, Rhynchosporium commune). An integrated genome-wide association study, employing both Bayesian-information linkage-disequilibrium iteratively nested keyway (BLINK) linear mixed model, was performed unravel underpinnings resistance. A total 932 marker-trait associations were identified assigned 49 quantitative trait loci. accumulation novel rare alleles significantly bolstered overall level resources. Three donors high counts novel/rare exhibiting exceptional leaf rust powdery mildew identified, offering promise targeted pre-breeding goals resilience varieties. Our findings underscore critical contribution strengthening advancing sustainable practices.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
The Integrative Life history of Maternal Effects DOI Creative Commons
Jamie R. Marks, Simon P. Lailvaux

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 17, 2024

Context-dependent allocation of resources drives trade-offs among fitness-related traits and other phenotypes to which those are linked. In addition, the amount type acquired can also affect organisms through indirect genetic effects, as exemplified by maternal provisioning offspring. Despite a large literature on we lack comprehensive understanding extent mothers might their offspring, well various mechanisms they do so, particularly with regard many functional that key determinants survival reproduction. Our goals in this paper review approaches measuring highlight some promising avenues for integration effects areas evolutionary ecology. We focus especially nutritional geometry; age; proximate fitness such whole-organism performance. Finally, discuss logistic practical limits quantifying these animal systems, emphasize value integrative underlying influence offspring phenotypes.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Sexual antagonism and sex determination in three syngnathid species alongside a male pregnancy gradient DOI Creative Commons
Arseny Dubin, Jamie Parker, Astrid Böhne

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Abstract The allocation of energy towards gamete production, parental care, mate choice, sex roles, and sexual dimorphism generates divergence in selection pressures between the sexes, leading to opposing fitness strategies antagonism (SA). Due shared genetic makeup, a single genomic locus can contain gene or allele with differing impacts on each sex. This intralocus conflict be resolved via intersex bias expression and/or formation sex-linked regions, that may also regulate determination. Sex determination (SD) encompasses environmental SD (ESD), monogenic SD, polygenic SD. Occasionally, shifts from one another occur. While precise mechanisms driving these are unknown, SA is believed major contributor. To investigate link we selected three syngnathid species along gradient male pregnancy evolved different roles intensities dimorphism. By looking at (Fst) sex-biased patterns, uncovered role competition, rather than pregnancy, primarily drive SA. Furthermore, identified processes related non-coding RNAs biased as mediators Most notably, discovered intraspecies chromosome polymorphism Hippocampus erectus . Overall, report important details interplay suggest understanding its resolution crucial for unraveling evolution diverse species.

Language: Английский

Citations

2