DNA Damage, Genome Stability and Adaptation: a Question of Chance or Necessity? DOI Open Access
John H. Herrick

Published: March 18, 2024

DNA damage causes the mutations that are principal source of genetic variation. detection and repair mechanisms therefore play a determining role in generating diversity on which natural selection acts. Speciation, it is commonly assumed, occurs at rate set by level standing allelic population. The process speciation driven combination two evolutionary forces: drift ecological selection. Genetic takes place under conditions relaxed selection, results balance between rates mutation substitution. These processes, necessarily mediated variety guaranteeing genome stability any given species. One outstanding questions biology concerns origin widely varying phylogenetic distribution biodiversity across tree life, how forces contribute to shaping distribution. following examines some molecular underlying adaptive radiations associated with species richness evenness different eukaryotic lineages.

Language: Английский

The genetic basis of the kākāpō structural color polymorphism suggests balancing selection by an extinct apex predator DOI Creative Commons
Lara Urban, Anna W. Santure,

Lydia Uddstrom

et al.

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(9), P. e3002755 - e3002755

Published: Sept. 10, 2024

The information contained in population genomic data can tell us much about the past ecology and evolution of species. We leveraged detailed phenotypic nearly all living kākāpō to understand its feather color polymorphism. is an endangered culturally significant parrot endemic Aotearoa New Zealand, green olive colorations are present at similar frequencies population. presence such a neatly balanced polymorphism remarkable because entire currently numbers less than 250 birds, which means it has been exposed severe genetic drift. dissected phenotype, demonstrating that two colors differ their light reflectance patterns due differential structure. used quantitative genomics methods identify variants whose epistatic interaction fully explain species’ phenotype. Our forward simulations show balancing selection might have pivotal establish ancestrally large population, maintain during declines involved bottleneck. hypothesize extinct apex predator was likely agent selection, making “ghost past.”

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Gene expansions contributing to human brain evolution DOI Creative Commons
Daniela C. Soto, José M. Uribe‐Salazar, Gulhan Kaya

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 26, 2024

Genomic drivers of human-specific neurological traits remain largely undiscovered. Duplicated genes expanded uniquely in the human lineage likely contributed to brain evolution, including increased complexity synaptic connections between neurons and dramatic expansion neocortex. Discovering duplicate is challenging because similarity paralogs makes them prone sequence-assembly errors. To mitigate this issue, we analyzed a complete telomere-to-telomere genome sequence (T2T-CHM13) identified 213 duplicated gene families containing (>98% identity). Positing that important universal features should exist with at least one copy all modern humans exhibit expression brain, narrowed on 362 across thousands ancestrally diverse genomes present transcriptomes. Of these, 38 co-express modules enriched for autism-associated potentially contribute language cognition. We 13 are fixed among show convincing patterns. Using long-read DNA sequencing revealed hidden variation 200 ancestries, uncovering signatures selection not previously identified, possible balancing

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Testing for the genomic footprint of conflict between life stages in an angiosperm and a moss species DOI Creative Commons
Meng Yuan, Leslie M. Kollar, Bianca M. Sacchi

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 5, 2024

Abstract The maintenance of genetic variation by balancing selection is considerable interest to evolutionary biologists. An important but understudied potential driver antagonistic pleiotropy between diploid and haploid stages the plant life cycle. Despite sharing a common genome, sporophytes (2n) gametophytes (n) may undergo differential or even opposing selection. Theoretical work suggests can generate maintain variation. for far-reaching consequences gametophytic selection, empirical tests its pleiotropic effects (neutral, synergistic, antagonistic) on are generally lacking. Here, we examined population genomic signals across in angiosperm Rumex hastatulus moss Ceratodon purpureus . We compared gene expression among sexes, combined with neutral diversity statistics analysis distribution fitness effects. In contrast what would be predicted under due pleiotropy, found that unbiased genes stronger purifying likely explained predominance synergistic strong broadly expressed genes. addition, 30% candidate R. located within inversion polymorphisms. Our findings provide novel insights into genome-wide characteristics Significance importance has been key question biology. theoretical support generated stages, no studies have investigated this problem. results revealed patterns more consistent gametophyte-biased mostly relaxed both species investigated. our study level breadth greater effect efficacy than differences ploidy levels different stages.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Disentangling archaic introgression and genomic signatures of selection at human immunity genes DOI Creative Commons
Alina Urnikytė,

Abigaile Masiulyte,

Laura Pranckėnienė

et al.

Infection Genetics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 116, P. 105528 - 105528

Published: Nov. 16, 2023

Pathogens and infectious diseases have imposed exceptionally strong selective pressure on ancient modern human genomes contributed to the current variation in many genes. There is evidence that humans acquired immune variants through interbreeding with hominins, but impact of such traits not fully understood. The main objectives this research were infer genetic signatures positive selection may be involved adaptation investigate function Neanderthal alleles identified within a set 50 Lithuanian genomes. Introgressed regions using machine learning tool ArchIE. Recent analysed iHS. We detected high-scoring signals at innate immunity genes (EMB, PARP8, HLAC, CDSN) evaluated their interactions structural proteins pathogens. Interactions immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) identified. Overall, genomic introgressed from Neanderthals shown enriched related immunity, keratinocyte differentiation, sensory perception.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
DNA Damage, Genome Stability and Adaptation: a Question of Chance or Necessity? DOI Open Access
John H. Herrick

Published: March 18, 2024

DNA damage causes the mutations that are principal source of genetic variation. detection and repair mechanisms therefore play a determining role in generating diversity on which natural selection acts. Speciation, it is commonly assumed, occurs at rate set by level standing allelic population. The process speciation driven combination two evolutionary forces: drift ecological selection. Genetic takes place under conditions relaxed selection, results balance between rates mutation substitution. These processes, necessarily mediated variety guaranteeing genome stability any given species. One outstanding questions biology concerns origin widely varying phylogenetic distribution biodiversity across tree life, how forces contribute to shaping distribution. following examines some molecular underlying adaptive radiations associated with species richness evenness different eukaryotic lineages.

Language: Английский

Citations

0