Bat adaptations in inflammation and cell death regulation contribute to viral tolerance

mBio, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

ABSTRACT Bats are reservoirs for multiple viruses, some of which known to cause global disease outbreaks. Virus spillovers from bats have been implicated in zoonotic transmission. Some bat species can tolerate viral infections, such as infections with coronaviruses and paramyxoviruses, better than humans less clinical consequences. Bat speculated evolved alongside these pathogens, adaptations within the immune system considered be associated tolerance. Inflammation cell death response virus prime human immunopathology. Unlike humans, mitigate infection-induced inflammation. Inflammatory pathways necroptosis pyroptosis immunopathology during but their regulation remains understudied. This review focuses on inflammation bats. We also provide a perspective possible contribution death-regulating proteins, caspases gasdermins, modulating tissue damage Understanding role responses valuable insights managing future outbreaks, addressing severity, improving pandemic preparedness.

Language: Английский

PANoptosis Regulation in Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic Viruses

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1733 - 1733

Published: Nov. 4, 2024

Zoonotic viruses originating from reservoir hosts, such as bats and birds, often cause severe illness outbreaks amongst humans. Upon zoonotic virus transmission, infected cells mount innate immune responses that include the activation of programmed cell death pathways to recruit site infection eliminate viral replication niches. Different inflammatory non-inflammatory pathways, pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, PANoptosis can undergo concurrent in humans leading mortality morbidity during zoonosis. While controlled is vital for clearance restoring tissue homeostasis, uncontrolled results immunopathology infections. Intriguingly, animal reservoirs viruses, appear have a unique tolerance adaptation, allowing them host without succumbing disease. The mechanisms facilitating high birds are poorly understood. In this perspective review, we discuss regulation PANoptotic indicate how they co-exist with mild clinical signs no immunopathology. Understanding machinery may thus assist us devising strategies contain

Language: Английский

Modelling molecular differences in the innate immune system responses of chickens and ducks to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 26, 2024

Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) presents a global threat to chicken livestock; chickens infected by HPAIV tend show severe symptoms and high mortality rates. In 2022, the largest recorded outbreak of in Europe resulted millions being culled UK alone try prevent further spread. Unlike chickens, mallard ducks reduced symptom severity lower rates infection. Research into immune system responses these two species shows they differ their molecular outputs: produce pro-inflammatory response; mallards an anti-viral response. These differences are thought be part due missing pattern recognition receptor retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I). This project aimed model innate systems abstracted level. A literature search was conducted, were modelled NetLogo as response agent-based (AIIRABM). The AIIRABM enabled examination relative importance between duck produced similar outputs those observed vitro vivo . Simulation experiments with supported difference RIG-I key causing HPAIV. will used research on baseline iterative modelling cycle.

Language: Английский