Contribution of semen to early embryo development: fertilization and beyond

Human Reproduction Update, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(4), P. 395 - 433

Published: March 7, 2023

Abstract BACKGROUND It has long been thought that the factors affecting embryo and foetal development were exclusively maternally derived; hence, if issues regarding fertility to arise, blame traditionally placed solely on mother. An escalating interest in how paternal influence development, however, begun prove otherwise. Evidence suggests both seminal plasma (SP) sperm contribute multiple shape embryogenesis. This review thus focuses role semen driving early embryonic describes factors, such as SP, centriole, proteins, RNA, DNA, its integrity, together with epigenetics, may female reproductive tract post-fertilization events. The important contributions of highlight imperative need for further research this area, which is sure bring forth breakthroughs leading improvements infertility diagnosis ART well reducing risk miscarriage. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE provides a comprehensive overview human embryo, aim providing better understanding SP divisions, gene protein expression, miscarriage, congenital diseases. SEARCH METHODS PubMed searches performed using terms ‘sperm structure’, ‘capacitation’, ‘acrosome reaction’, ‘fertilization’, ‘oocyte activation’, ‘PLCζ’, ‘PAWP’, ‘sperm-borne oocyte activation factor’, deficiency’, centriole’, transport’, mitochondria’, ‘seminal plasma’, epigenetics’, histone modifications’, DNA methylation’, ‘sperm-derived transcripts’, proteins’, fragmentation’, mRNA’, miRNAs’, piRNAs’, aneuploidy’. reviewed articles restricted those published English between 1980 2022. OUTCOMES data suggest male-derived much more than just male haploid genome embryo. indicates contributes help fate These include from RNA integrity. In addition, epigenetic changes have an impact tract, fertilization, stages development. For example, recent proteomic transcriptomic studies identified several sperm-borne markers play roles fertilization WIDER IMPLICATIONS highlights are required work tandem counterparts allow correct A deeper shuttled over cell can shed light improve andrological perspective. Further aid preventing passing genetic abnormalities origin, decreasing incidence factor infertility. exact mechanisms contribution assist scientists IVF clinicians determining new causes recurrent miscarriage or failure.

Language: Английский

---

Energy metabolism in mammalian sperm motility

WIREs Mechanisms of Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(5)

Published: June 9, 2022

Abstract Mammalian sperm, the only cells that achieve their purpose outside organism of origin, have to swim vigorously within female reproductive tract reach an oocyte. Flagellar dyneins drive sperm motility, which accounts for consumption high amounts ATP. The two main ATP‐producing metabolic pathways are compartmentalized in sperm: oxidative phosphorylation midpiece and glycolysis principal piece. relative preponderance these has been discussed decades (the so‐called energy debate ). muddled by species‐specific variances technical constraints. But recent findings suggest from most mammalian species employ a versatile strategy maintain motility according physiological environment. Different likely coordinate using exogenous and/or endogenous substrates order produce ATP efficiently. Defects any (glycolysis, mitochondrial phosphorylation, Krebs cycle, fatty acids oxidation, ketone bodies among others) may disturb be at origin male infertility. Understanding bioenergetics is thus crucial building new diagnostic tools, development treatments patients presenting with low motility. Some benefit personalized supplementations dietary interventions. This article categorized under: Reproductive System Diseases > Molecular Cellular Physiology

Language: Английский

---

The Role of Testosterone in Spermatogenesis: Lessons From Proteome Profiling of Human Spermatozoa in Testosterone Deficiency

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 19, 2022

Testosterone is essential to maintain qualitative spermatogenesis. Nonetheless, no studies have been yet performed in humans analyze the testosterone-mediated expression of sperm proteins and their importance reproduction. Thus, this study aimed identify protein alterations male hypogonadism using proteomic profiling. We a comparative analysis comparing from fertile controls (a pool 5 normogonadic normozoospermic men) versus patients with secondary oligozoospermic hypogonadic due isolated LH deficiency). Sperm composition was analyzed, after peptide labelling Isobaric Tags, via liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) on an LTQ Velos-Orbitrap spectrometer. LC-MS/MS data were analyzed Proteome Discoverer. Criteria used accept identification included false discovery rate (FDR) 1% at least 1 match per protein. Up 986 identified and, those, 43 differentially expressed: 32 under-expressed 11 over-expressed compared controls. Bioinformatic analyses UniProt Knowledgebase, Gene Ontology Consortium database based PANTHER. Notably, 13 these expressed previously reported be related function Western blot for A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 3 (AKAP3) Prolactin Inducible (PIP) confirm proteomics data. In summary, high-resolution spectrometry-based approach first time describe proteome hypogonadism. Some differential described study, which include Prosaposin, SMOC-1, SERPINA5, SPANXB1, GSG1, ELSPBP1, fibronectin, 5-oxoprolinase, AKAP3, AKAP4, HYDIN, ROPN1B, ß-Microseminoprotein S100-A8, could represent new targets design infertility treatments androgen deficiency.

Language: Английский

---

Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in maintaining sperm tolerance and male fertility

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(37)

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) modulate tissue homeostatic processes and immune responses. Understanding tissue-Treg biology will contribute to developing precision-targeting treatment strategies. Here, we show that Tregs maintain the tolerogenic state of testis epididymis, where sperm are produced mature. We found Treg depletion induces severe autoimmune orchitis epididymitis, manifested by an exacerbated cell infiltration [CD4 cells, monocytes, mononuclear phagocytes (MPs)] development antisperm antibodies (ASA). In Treg-depleted mice, MPs increased projections toward epididymal lumen as well invading lumen. ASA-bound enhance agglutination might facilitate phagocytosis. Tolerance breakdown impaired epithelial function altered extracellular vesicle cargo, both which play crucial roles in acquisition fertilizing ability subsequent embryo development. The affected mice had reduced number motility fertility defects. Deciphering these immunoregulatory mechanisms may help design new strategies treat male infertility, identify potential targets for immunocontraception.

Language: Английский

---

The emerging role of extracellular vesicles in the testis

Human Reproduction, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(3), P. 334 - 351

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membrane-bounded particles, released by all cells and capable of transporting bioactive cargoes, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, to regulate a variety biological functions. Seminal plasma is enriched in EVs, extensive evidence has revealed the role EVs (e.g. prostasomes epididymosomes) male genital tract. Recently, from testicular have been isolated identified, some new insights generated on their maintaining normal spermatogenesis steroidogenesis testis. In seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cell-derived can promote differentiation spermatogonial stem (SSCs), secreted undifferentiated A spermatogonia inhibit proliferation SSCs. interstitium, identified endothelial cells, macrophages, telocytes, Leydig although roles still elusive. Testicular also pass through blood–testis barrier mediate inter-compartment communication between tubules interstitium. Immature survival suppress cells. Exosomes macrophages protect radiation-induced injury. addition intercellular communication, may participate removal aberrant proteins delivery antigens for immune tolerance. be detected seminal plasma, which makes them potential biomarkers reflecting function disease status. The affect female reproductive tract facilitate conception even early embryogenesis modulating sperm RNA. represent type messenger detailed understanding EV contribute discovery mechanisms causing infertility enable development diagnostic therapeutic strategies treatment infertile men.

Language: Английский

---

Developing glycoproteomics reveals the role of posttranslational glycosylation in the physiological and pathological processes of male reproduction

iMetaOmics., Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(1)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract Glycosylation plays a pivotal role in the physiological and pathological processes of male reproduction. It impacts thousands proteins is actively ongoing through all stages reproduction, including spermatogenesis, maturation, capacitation, fertilization. However, our grasp on glycosylation within reproductive remains limited, largely due to technical hurdles. Recent advancements have seen mapping glycoproteome human semen, utilizing cutting‐edge glycoproteomic technologies. This breakthrough lays groundwork for in‐depth research into influence system related disorders. Nevertheless, field faces numerous challenges that necessitate further methodologies. In this analysis, we evaluated potential applications advanced techniques study reproduction summarized detailed profiling semen glycome glycoproteome. Our current understanding glycosylation's alongside recent progress glycoproteomics may equip biologists with comprehensive insight. Furthermore, analysis brought together findings abnormal its link disorders view glycomics glycoproteomics. can facilitate clinical application glyco‐related biomarkers targets treatment infertility.

Language: Английский

---

Differential protein repertoires related to sperm function identified in extracellular vesicles (EVs) in seminal plasma of distinct fertility buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: July 29, 2024

Buffalo bulls are backbone of Indian dairy industry, and the quality semen donating determine overall production efficiency farms. Seminal plasma harbor millions lipid bilayer nanovesicles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs). These EVs carry a heterogenous cargo essential biomolecules including fertility-associated proteins which contribute to fertilizing potential spermatozoa. In this study, we explored size, concentration, complete proteome profiles SP from two distinct fertility groups uncover influencing bull fertility. Through Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) it was found that purified were present in 7-14 size exclusion chromatographic (SEC) fractions with sizes ranging 146.5 258.7 nm high fertile (HF) low (LF) bulls. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) confirmed seminal up 200 nm, concentrations varying 2.84 6.82 × 10

Language: Английский

---

The regional distribution of resident immune cells shapes distinct immunological environments along the murine epididymis

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 14, 2022

The epididymis functions as transition zone for post-testicular sperm maturation and storage faces contrasting immunological challenges, i.e. tolerance towards spermatozoa vs. reactivity against pathogens. Thus, normal organ function integrity relies heavily on a tightly controlled immune balance. Previous studies described inflammation-associated tissue damage solely in the distal regions (corpus, cauda), but not proximal (initial segment, caput). To understand observed region-specific immunity along epididymal duct, we have used an acute bacterial epididymitis mouse model analyzed disease progression. Whole transcriptome analysis using RNAseq 10 days post infection showed pro-inflammatory environment within cauda, while caput exhibited only minor transcriptional changes. High-dimensional flow cytometry analyses revealed drastic changes cell composition upon with uropathogenic

Language: Английский

---

Epigenetic markers in the embryonal germ cell development and spermatogenesis

Basic and Clinical Andrology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(1)

Published: Feb. 23, 2023

Abstract Spermatogenesis is the process of generation male reproductive cells from spermatogonial stem in seminiferous epithelium testis. During spermatogenesis, key spermatogenic events such as cell self-renewal and commitment to meiosis, meiotic recombination, sex chromosome inactivation, followed by cellular chromatin remodeling elongating spermatids occur, leading sperm production. All mentioned are at least partially controlled epigenetic modifications DNA histones. Additionally, during embryonal development primordial germ cells, global reprogramming occurs. In this review, we summarized most important particular stages development, histone proteins, starting ending with histone-to-protamine transition spermiogenesis.

Language: Английский

---

Human Sperm as an In Vitro Model to Assess the Efficacy of Antioxidant Supplements during Sperm Handling: A Narrative Review

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1098 - 1098

Published: May 15, 2023

Spermatozoa are highly differentiated cells that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to aerobic metabolism. Below a certain threshold, ROS important in signal transduction pathways and cellular physiological processes, whereas overproduction damages spermatozoa. Sperm manipulation preparation protocols during assisted reproductive procedures—for example, cryopreservation—can result excessive production, exposing these oxidative damage. Thus, antioxidants relevant topic sperm quality. This narrative review focuses on human spermatozoa as an vitro model study which can be used supplement media. The comprises brief presentation of the structure, general overview main items reduction–oxidation homeostasis ambivalent relationship between ROS. body paper deals with studies have been test antioxidant compounds, including natural extracts. presence synergic effects different molecules could potentially lead more effective products and, future, vivo.

Language: Английский

---