An evolutionary perspective on stress responses, damage and repair

Hormones and Behavior, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 142, P. 105180 - 105180

Published: May 12, 2022

Variation in stress responses has been investigated relation to environmental factors, species ecology, life history and fitness. Moreover, mechanistic studies have unravelled molecular mechanisms of how acute chronic cause physiological impacts ('damage'), this damage can be repaired. However, it is not yet understood the fitness effects repair influence response evolution. Here we study evolution hormone levels as a function stressor occurrence, efficiency repair. We hypothesise that depends on consequences ability damage. To obtain some general insights, model simplified scenario which an organism repeatedly encounters with certain frequency predictability (temporal autocorrelation). The defend itself by mounting (elevated level), but causes takes time identify optimal strategies then investigate those respond exposures stressor. find for higher rates, baseline peak are higher. This typically means experiences damage, afford because repaired more quickly, very high rates does build up. With increasing stressor, sustained longer, animal expects persist, thus builds result (and potentially fatal) when organisms exposed stressors they evolutionarily adapted. Overall, our results highlight at least three factors need considered jointly advance understanding physiology evolved: (i) temporal dynamics occurrence; (ii) relative mortality risk imposed versus caused response; (iii) mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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There must bee a better way: A review of published urban bee literature and suggested topics for future study

Landscape and Urban Planning, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 226, P. 104513 - 104513

Published: July 20, 2022

Language: Английский

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Habitat structural complexity predicts cognitive performance and behaviour in western mosquitofish

Biology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(7)

Published: July 1, 2024

Urban stream syndrome alters habitat complexity. We define complexity as the degree of variation in physical structure, with increasing equating to higher Habitat affects species composition and shapes animal ecology, physiology, behaviour cognition. used a delayed detour test measure whether cognitive processes (motor self-regulation) (risk-taking) female Western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, varied structural (low, moderate high) that was quantified visually for nine populations. predicted motor self-regulation risk-taking would increase complexity, yet we found support opposite. Lower habitats offer less refuge potentially leading predation pressure selecting greater by fish self-regulation. Our findings provide insight into how can shape offers broader understanding why some may tolerate conditions urbanized environments.

Language: Английский

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Unexpected hormonal and behavioral responses to anthropogenic stressors in young common toads

Frontiers in Amphibian and Reptile Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: March 10, 2025

Introduction Anthropogenic conversion of natural habitats is one the most significant threats to biodiversity, and it also partially responsible for largest recorded decline in amphibians. Urbanization exposes wildlife increased disturbance by proximity humans, artificial light at night (ALAN), noise pollution, all which can be harmful wild animals. Glucocorticoid hormones may play an important role coping with environmental challenges. A growing body evidence indicates various vertebrate species that more efficient regulation glucocorticoid stress response favored selection under stressful conditions. In several species, baseline levels glucocorticoids their acute stressors are repeatable, heritable, related individual fitness. However, these latter respects, our knowledge scarce other aspects flexibility, such as ability recover from negative feedback. Methods To address this gap, we measured repeatability four corticosterone (CORT) profile (baseline release rate, strength agitation, rate recovery feedback, a recently proposed measure sequential variability) over ontogeny tadpoles juveniles common toad ( Bufo bufo ). Thereafter toadlets’ behavioral responses three anthropogenic stressors, specifically hop performance while fleeing human, foraging ALAN during daytime test whether hormonal characteristics explain differences between individuals. Results We found CORT changed ontogeny, its had low repeatability. Foraging both noise, two were correlated within individuals, but not performance. None variables variables. Discussion Our results suggest widespread environments, has limited consistency tolerance early development, pointing importance phenotypic plasticity challenges urban environments.

Language: Английский

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Reduced breeding success in nest boxes for great tits (Parus major) and Eurasian blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) in highly urbanised areas: An ecological trap?

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 988, P. 179808 - 179808

Published: June 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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Assessment of glucocorticoids, sex steroids, and innate immunity in wild red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans)

General and Comparative Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 339, P. 114288 - 114288

Published: April 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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Linking microbiome and stress hormone responses in wild tropical treefrogs across continuous and fragmented forests

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Dec. 12, 2023

Abstract The amphibian skin microbiome is an important component of anti-pathogen defense, but the impact environmental change on link between composition and host stress remains unclear. In this study, we used radiotelemetry translocation to track function, pathogen infection, over time across natural movement paths for forest-associated treefrog, Boana faber . We found a negative correlation cortisol levels putative function frogs translocated forest fragments, indicating strong integration response potential microbiome. Additionally, observed capacity resilience (resistance structural functional loss) in microbiome, with maintenance pathogen-inhibitory despite major temporal shifts composition. Although community did not return baseline during study period, rate indicated that fragmentation had more pronounced effects than alone. Our findings reveal associations hormones defenses, implications amphibians their associated microbes facing accelerated tropical deforestation.

Language: Английский

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Physiological and behavioral variation by urbanization and climate in an urban-tolerant toad

Frontiers in Amphibian and Reptile Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Oct. 14, 2024

The distribution of a species is best understood by examining the organism-environment interaction. Climate and anthropogenic habitat degradation, including urbanization, are salient features environment that can limit distributions, especially for ectotherms. Comparative studies capacity individuals to cope with rapid environmental change help us understand future success or failure local populations even species. Studies glucocorticoid stress response commonly used how stressors. Glucocorticoids modulate many aspects physiological homeostasis changes in energetic allocation behavior. In time global amphibian decline Gulf Coast Toad ( Incilius nebulifer ) increasing its abundance. To this deals thermal urban stressors, we studied regulation, hop performance, lipid storage I. juveniles across nine differed average annual temperature level imperviousness (as an indication urbanization). We measured corticosterone release rates at baseline, during agitation stress, recovery; then locomotor performance whole-body lipids. tested if hotter temperatures more urbanized habitats exhibits elevated baseline levels either reduced (“stress resistance” hypothesis) quick post-stress recovery negative feedback (“on again, off again” hypothesis). also whether they exhibit fat stores decreased as costs dealing found showed (stressed-induced) rates, higher urbanization. had quadratic effects on these traits, such living lowest highest stores, was observed least site warmest climate. Additionally, rate after (negative feedback) increased These results indicate follows “on hypothesis adaptive pattern, which may them terms urbanization climatic differences.

Language: Английский

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Elevated water temperature initially affects reproduction and behavior but not cognitive performance or physiology in Gambusia affinis

General and Comparative Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 340, P. 114307 - 114307

Published: May 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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Physiological stress response to urbanisation differs between native and invasive squirrel species

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 922, P. 171336 - 171336

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Novel pressures derived from urbanisation can alter native habitats and ultimately impact wildlife. Coping with such human-driven changes might induce shifts in species phenotypic traits, as physiological responses to anthropogenic stressors. Preadaptation face those challenges has been suggested favour settlement spread of invasive alien urbanised areas which, consequently, respond differently than ecologically similar stressors posed by urbanisation. The activation the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis subsequent release glucocorticoids (GCs) mediate disturbance vertebrates. Furthermore, intraspecific competition, conjunction related urbanisation, affect stress differently. Using a parallel pseudo-experimental study system we measured faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations Eurasian red squirrel Eastern grey along rural-urban gradient relation conspecific density. two responded synergic effect competition. Association FGMs density squirrels varied between rural suburban sites, potentially depending on differential HPA responses. In urban this relationship did not differ significantly that ones. Conversely, squirrels' vary density, nor differed gradient. Improving knowledge about competing species' support conservation strategies altered man. Our findings be preadapted cope these areas, increasing their success under future global change scenario.

Language: Английский

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