The
Deepwater
Horizon
disaster
released
4.9
million
barrels
of
oil
into
the
Gulf
Mexico.
Despite
clear
evidence
exposure
and
toxicity,
there
has
been
little
population-level
declines
most
nearshore
fish
invertebrate
populations.
Several
hypotheses
have
proposed
to
explain
this
paradox.
Two
possibilities
include
a
fishing
moratorium
following
spill
reductions
in
predation
pressure
predator
die-offs.
We
tested
both
using
mass-balance
food
web
models
quantify
direct
indirect
population
sensitivity
perturbations
bird
dolphin
mortality.
In
doing
so,
we
developed
new
method
allowing
us
responses
one
functional
group
changes
across
all
fished
groups.
inferred
support
for
compensatory
mechanism,
either
release
from
or
predation,
when
magnitude
modeled
increases
far
exceeded
observations.
found
be
likely
potential
mitigating
especially
penaeid
shrimp,
menhaden,
blue
crabs.
Dolphin
mortality
may
stability
small
sciaenids.
Increased
seabird
did
not
lead
major
any
examined.
consideration
trophic
pathways
within
model
produced
wide
range
plausible
responses,
Broadly,
work
shows
that
spills
are
driver
dynamics
broader
socioecological
system,
understanding
impacts
on
populations
requires
complexity.
Marine Ecology Progress Series,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
737, P. 121 - 136
Published: Sept. 26, 2022
A
protracted
period
(2014-2016)
of
anomalously
warm
water
in
the
northeast
Pacific
Ocean
precipitated
an
extensive
die-off
common
murres
Uria
aalge
(hereafter
‘murres’)
during
2015-2016,
accompanied
by
reduced
colony
attendance
and
reproductive
success
black-legged
kittiwakes
Rissa
tridactyla
(‘kittiwakes’)
starting
2015.
Most
died
starvation
following
a
large-scale
reduction
abundance
quality
forage
fish.
To
assess
murre
kittiwake
recovery
marine
heatwave,
we
monitored
their
demographics
at
2
colonies
(Chisik
Gull
Islands)
Cook
Inlet,
Alaska
(USA),
from
2016
to
2019.
Compared
historic
data
(1995-1999),
observed
declines
increased
variability
productivity
across
species
colonies,
predation
was
widespread.
At
Chisik,
where
food
limitations
were
studies,
both
experienced
substantial
population
failures
all
4
years
(2016-2019)
heatwave.
Gull,
typically
productive
failed
fledge
chicks
for
3
(2016-2018)
By
2019,
recovered
about
half
that
studies
(0.28
vs.
0.54
per
pair),
but
populations
had
declined
half.
Kittiwake
size
quarter
counts,
reproduction
alternated
between
complete
breeding
(2016/2018)
high
(2017/2019).
These
multi-year
demographic
impacts
indicate
lingering
effects
heatwave
on
through
fish
depletion
predator
disturbance,
possibly
other
stressors.
It
remains
unknown
whether
can
rebound
levels.
If
so,
would
likely
take
decades.
ICES Journal of Marine Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
81(2), P. 317 - 333
Published: Jan. 5, 2024
Abstract
Management
strategy
evaluation
(MSE)
provides
a
mechanism
to
test
the
relative
performance
of
alternative
management
strategies
on
fishery.
For
Pacific
herring
in
Prince
William
Sound,
Alaska,
no
directed
fisheries
have
occurred
over
30
years,
providing
an
opportunity
evaluate
potential
before
fishery
is
opened.
Here
we
and
compare
10
harvest
control
rules
(HCRs)
ranging
from
simple
threshold
accounting
for
population
age
structure,
biomass
trends,
weight
distribution
using
MSE
integrated
with
fully
Bayesian
stock
assessment
estimation
model.
We
developed
utility
function
that
shows
HCRs
outperform
more
complex
rules,
especially
catch
stability.
According
this
function,
best
rule
had
lower
limit
than
current
default
rule,
while
worst
higher
threshold.
Our
simulations
demonstrate
sufficient
computing
power
exists
MSEs
based
methods,
thus
opening
pathway
simulation
probabilistic
which
provide
buffer
against
scientific
uncertainty
should
reduce
risk
overfishing.
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
79(4), P. 611 - 630
Published: Feb. 10, 2022
When
estimating
mortality
from
disease
with
fish
population
models,
common
surveillance
data
such
as
infection
prevalence
are
not
always
informative,
especially
for
fast-acting
diseases
that
may
go
unobserved
in
infrequently
sampled
populations.
In
these
cases,
seroprevalence
—
the
proportion
of
measurable
antibody
levels
their
blood
be
more
informative.
cases
life-long
immunity,
require
less
frequent
sampling
intervals
than
and
can
reflect
cumulative
exposure
history
fish.
We
simulation
tested
usefulness
an
age-structured
stock
assessment
model
using
viral
hemorrhagic
septicemia
virus
(VHSV)
Pacific
herring
(Clupea
pallasii)
a
case
study.
developed
novel
epidemiological
to
simulate
dynamics
fitted
integrated
catch-at-age
equations
estimate
age-
time-varying
disease.
found
simulated
provide
accurate
estimates
disease-associated
mortality.
Importantly,
even
models
misspecified
nonstationary
processes
background
or
mortality,
but
included
data,
accurately
estimated
annual
abundance.
Marine Ecology Progress Series,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
696, P. 103 - 117
Published: July 27, 2022
Shifts
in
spawning
phenology
may
impact
the
early
life
stages
of
small
pelagic
fishes,
affecting
their
first-year
survival
and
recruitment.
In
Prince
William
Sound,
Pacific
herring
is
a
key
forage
species
that
once
supported
commercial
subsistence
fisheries
for
many
decades,
but
collapsed
1993
has
yet
to
recover.
Starting
1980,
spawn
timing
shifted
earlier
by
approximately
2-4
wk
over
27
yr
period,
then
abruptly
later
3
next
7
yr.
We
quantified
influence
15
environmental
population-level
covariates
on
these
shifts
using
generalized
linear
models.
Earlier
was
associated
with
higher
biomass
eastern
sound
older
mean
age
western
sound.
Across
entire
sound,
weaker
downwelling,
meridional
winds,
positive
phase
Pacific-North
American
teleconnection
pattern,
which
characterized
warmer
North
waters.
These
results
are
critical
first
step
towards
assessing
how
changes
offspring
potentially
contribute
persistent
poor
recruitment
inhibited
recovery
Sound
population.
Fisheries Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
267, P. 106827 - 106827
Published: Aug. 21, 2023
Fish
stock
assessment
may
be
constrained
by
incomplete
knowledge
on
all
mortality
sources.
Seal
and
cormorant
raiding
fishing
gear
to
access
the
catch
has
been
asserted
fishers
a
considerable
problem
in
small-scale
European
eel
fishery
along
Swedish
Baltic
Sea
coast.
We
analysed
logbook
data
found
predator
losses
fisheries
at
13.6
±
12.6%
among
catches
landed
16
harbours
subdivisions
25,
27
29
of
2019–2021.
These
numbers
were
used
assess
total
damage
this
coast
12
10
tonnes
caught
landings
value
(about
10%
retail
value)
105,000
97,000
euros
2020.
This
constrain
prospects
declining
commercial
coastal
fishery.
Moreover,
quantitative
estimate
useful
future
assessments
local
component,
with
potentially
important
implications
for
ecological,
economic
social
sustainability.
ICES Journal of Marine Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
80(9), P. 2342 - 2355
Published: Sept. 28, 2023
Abstract
Causes
of
population
collapse
and
failed
recovery
often
remain
enigmatic
in
marine
forage
fish
like
Pacific
herring
(Clupea
pallasii)
that
experience
dramatic
oscillations.
Diseases
such
as
ichthyophoniasis
are
hypothesized
to
contribute
these
declines,
but
lack
long-term
datasets
frequently
prevents
inference.
Analysis
pathogen
surveillance
assessment
spanning
2007–2019
indicate
the
age-based
prevalence
estimate
Ichthyophonus
infection
was,
on
average,
54%
greater
among
a
collapsed
(Prince
William
Sound,
Alaska,
USA)
compared
nearby
(Sitka
is
relatively
robust.
During
study
years,
ranged
from
14
44%
Prince
Sound
5
33%
Sitka
Sound.
At
both
sites,
declined
over
time,
with
an
average
decrease
7%
per
year.
Statistical
analyses
indicated
between
two
populations
was
reduced
by
regional
factors
affecting
were
independent
density.
Infection
positively
correlated
age
negatively
Decadal
Oscillation.
This
demonstrates
how
synthesis
environmental,
stock
assessment,
disease
data
can
be
leveraged
elucidate
epidemiological
trends
diseases
wild
fish.
Marine and Coastal Fisheries,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(2)
Published: March 13, 2024
Abstract
Objective
Changes
in
abundance
and
distribution
of
schooling
forage
fish,
such
as
the
Pacific
Sand
Lance
Ammodytes
hexapterus
Herring
Clupea
pallasii
,
can
be
difficult
to
document
using
traditional
boat‐based
methods,
especially
shallow,
nearshore
habitats
frequented
by
these
species.
In
contrast,
fish
schools
are
easily
observed
quantified
from
aircraft
when
light
sea
conditions
favorable.
We
used
aerial
shoreline
surveys
assess
interannual
variability
Prince
William
Sound,
Alaska,
during
summers
2010
2012–2022.
Methods
During
surveys,
observers
classified
their
size,
species,
(in
some
cases)
age‐class.
All
observations
were
georeferenced
along
flight
path,
converted
estimated
surface
area
(m
2
)
based
on
school
diameter,
standardized
effort
(shoreline
kilometers
surveyed).
Result
widely
distributed,
densities
varied
annually;
there
several
spikes
density
up
54.38
m
/km
interspersed
among
years
lower
average
(7.73–25.57
/km).
usually
limited
a
few
predictable
locations.
School
consistent
areas
across
years,
high
50.98
low
0.15
2017.
validated
88
conducted
2014–2016
2019–2022,
which
76
(86%)
correctly
identified
Conclusion
Here,
we
provide
indices
over
time
shallow
coastal
Alaska.
These
generated
offer
an
effective
alternative
for
tracking
they
occur
habitats.