Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Jan. 18, 2025
In
the
underwater
domain,
small
object
detection
plays
a
crucial
role
in
protection,
management,
and
monitoring
of
environment
marine
life.
Advancements
deep
learning
have
led
to
development
many
efficient
techniques.
However,
complexity
environment,
limited
information
available
from
objects,
constrained
computational
resources
make
challenging.
To
tackle
these
challenges,
this
paper
presents
an
convolutional
network
model.
First,
CSP
for
lightweight
(CSPSL)
module
is
introduced
enhance
feature
retention
preserve
essential
details.
Next,
variable
kernel
convolution
(VKConv)
proposed
dynamically
adjust
size,
enabling
better
multi-scale
extraction.
Finally,
spatial
pyramid
pooling
(SPPFMS)
method
presented
features
objects
more
effectively.
Ablation
experiments
on
UDD
dataset
demonstrate
effectiveness
methods.
Comparative
DUO
datasets
that
model
delivers
best
performance
terms
cost
accuracy,
outperforming
state-of-the-art
methods
real-time
tasks.
ICES Journal of Marine Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
80(7), P. 1829 - 1853
Published: Aug. 3, 2023
Abstract
Machine
learning
covers
a
large
set
of
algorithms
that
can
be
trained
to
identify
patterns
in
data.
Thanks
the
increase
amount
data
and
computing
power
available,
it
has
become
pervasive
across
scientific
disciplines.
We
first
highlight
why
machine
is
needed
marine
ecology.
Then
we
provide
quick
primer
on
techniques
vocabulary.
built
database
∼1000
publications
implement
such
analyse
ecology
For
various
types
(images,
optical
spectra,
acoustics,
omics,
geolocations,
biogeochemical
profiles,
satellite
imagery),
present
historical
perspective
applications
proved
influential,
serve
as
templates
for
new
work,
or
represent
diversity
approaches.
Then,
illustrate
how
used
better
understand
ecological
systems,
by
combining
sources
Through
this
coverage
literature,
demonstrate
an
proportion
studies
use
learning,
pervasiveness
images
source,
dominance
classification-type
problems,
shift
towards
deep
all
types.
This
overview
meant
guide
researchers
who
wish
apply
methods
their
datasets.
Fish and Fisheries,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(4), P. 977 - 999
Published: April 15, 2022
Abstract
Marine
scientists
use
remote
underwater
image
and
video
recording
to
survey
fish
species
in
their
natural
habitats.
This
helps
them
get
a
step
closer
towards
understanding
predicting
how
respond
climate
change,
habitat
degradation
fishing
pressure.
information
is
essential
for
developing
sustainable
fisheries
human
consumption,
preserving
the
environment.
However,
enormous
volume
of
collected
videos
makes
extracting
useful
daunting
time‐consuming
task
being.
A
promising
method
address
this
problem
cutting‐edge
deep
learning
(DL)
technology.
DL
can
help
marine
parse
large
volumes
promptly
efficiently,
unlocking
niche
that
cannot
be
obtained
using
conventional
manual
monitoring
methods.
In
paper,
we
first
provide
computer
visions
(CVs)
studies
conducted
between
2003
2021
on
classification
We
then
give
an
overview
key
concepts
DL,
while
analysing
synthesizing
studies.
also
discuss
main
challenges
faced
when
processing
propose
approaches
them.
Finally,
insights
into
research
domain
shed
light
what
future
may
hold.
paper
aims
inform
who
would
like
gain
high‐level
state‐of‐the‐art
DL‐based
habitat.
Fishes,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
7(6), P. 335 - 335
Published: Nov. 17, 2022
Computer
vision
has
been
applied
to
fish
recognition
for
at
least
three
decades.
With
the
inception
of
deep
learning
techniques
in
early
2010s,
use
digital
images
grew
strongly,
and
this
trend
is
likely
continue.
As
number
articles
published
grows,
it
becomes
harder
keep
track
current
state
art
determine
best
course
action
new
studies.
In
context,
article
characterizes
by
identifying
main
studies
on
subject
briefly
describing
their
approach.
contrast
with
most
previous
reviews
related
technology
recognition,
monitoring,
management,
rather
than
providing
a
detailed
overview
being
proposed,
work
focuses
heavily
challenges
research
gaps
that
still
remain.
Emphasis
given
prevalent
weaknesses
prevent
more
widespread
type
practical
operations
under
real-world
conditions.
Some
possible
solutions
potential
directions
future
are
suggested,
as
an
effort
bring
developed
academy
closer
meeting
requirements
found
practice.
Expert Systems with Applications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
238, P. 121841 - 121841
Published: Oct. 1, 2023
Marine
ecosystems
and
their
fish
habitats
are
becoming
increasingly
important
due
to
integral
role
in
providing
a
valuable
food
source
conservation
outcomes.
Due
remote
difficult
access
nature,
marine
environments
often
monitored
using
underwater
cameras
record
videos
images
for
understanding
life
ecology,
as
well
preserve
the
environment.
There
currently
many
permanent
camera
systems
deployed
at
different
places
around
globe.
In
addition,
there
exists
numerous
studies
that
use
temporary
survey
habitats.
These
generate
massive
volume
of
digital
data,
which
cannot
be
efficiently
analysed
by
current
manual
processing
methods,
involve
human
observer.
Deep
Learning
(DL)
is
cutting-edge
Artificial
Intelligence
(AI)
technology
has
demonstrated
unprecedented
performance
analysing
visual
data.
Despite
its
application
myriad
domains,
habitat
monitoring
remains
under
explored.
this
paper,
we
provide
tutorial
covers
key
concepts
DL,
help
reader
grasp
high-level
how
DL
works.
The
also
explains
step-by-step
procedure
on
algorithms
should
developed
challenging
applications
such
monitoring.
comprehensive
deep
learning
techniques
including
classification,
counting,
localisation,
segmentation.
Furthermore,
publicly
available
datasets,
compare
various
domains.
We
discuss
some
challenges
opportunities
emerging
field
processing.
This
paper
written
serve
scientists
who
would
like
develop
it
following
our
tutorial,
see
evolving
facilitate
research
efforts.
At
same
time,
suitable
computer
state-of-the-art
DL-based
methodologies
Artificial Intelligence Review,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
57(5)
Published: April 12, 2024
Abstract
Planktonic
organisms
including
phyto-,
zoo-,
and
mixoplankton
are
key
components
of
aquatic
ecosystems
respond
quickly
to
changes
in
the
environment,
therefore
their
monitoring
is
vital
follow
understand
these
changes.
Advances
imaging
technology
have
enabled
novel
possibilities
study
plankton
populations,
but
manual
classification
images
time
consuming
expert-based,
making
such
an
approach
unsuitable
for
large-scale
application
urging
automatic
solutions
analysis,
especially
recognizing
species
from
images.
Despite
extensive
research
done
on
recognition,
latest
cutting-edge
methods
not
been
widely
adopted
operational
use.
In
this
paper,
a
comprehensive
survey
existing
recognition
presented.
First,
we
identify
most
notable
challenges
that
make
development
systems
difficult
restrict
deployment
Then,
provide
detailed
description
found
literature.
Finally,
propose
workflow
specific
new
datasets
recommended
approaches
address
them.
Many
important
remain
unsolved
following:
(1)
domain
shift
between
hindering
instrument
independent
system,
(2)
difficulty
process
previously
unseen
classes
non-plankton
particles,
(3)
uncertainty
expert
annotations
affects
training
machine
learning
models.
To
build
harmonized
location
agnostic
purposes
should
be
addressed
future
research.
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
98(5), P. 1633 - 1647
Published: May 4, 2023
ABSTRACT
Monitoring
on
the
basis
of
sound
recordings,
or
passive
acoustic
monitoring,
can
complement
serve
as
an
alternative
to
real‐time
visual
aural
monitoring
marine
mammals
and
other
animals
by
human
observers.
Passive
data
support
estimation
common,
individual‐level
ecological
metrics,
such
presence,
detection‐weighted
occupancy,
abundance
density,
population
viability
structure,
behaviour.
also
some
community‐level
species
richness
composition.
The
feasibility
certainty
estimates
is
highly
context
dependent,
understanding
factors
that
affect
reliability
measurements
useful
for
those
considering
whether
use
data.
Here,
we
review
basic
concepts
methods
sampling
in
systems
often
are
applicable
mammal
research
conservation.
Our
ultimate
aim
facilitate
collaboration
among
ecologists,
bioacousticians,
analysts.
Ecological
applications
acoustics
require
one
make
decisions
about
design,
which
turn
requires
consideration
propagation,
signals,
storage.
One
must
signal
detection
classification
evaluation
performance
algorithms
these
tasks.
Investment
development
automate
classification,
including
machine
learning,
increasing.
more
reliable
presence
than
species‐level
metrics.
Use
distinguish
individual
remains
difficult.
However,
information
probability,
vocalisation
cue
rate,
relations
between
vocalisations
number
behaviour
increases
estimating
density.
Most
sensor
deployments
fixed
space
sporadic,
making
temporal
turnover
composition
tractable
estimate
spatial
turnover.
Collaborations
acousticians
ecologists
most
likely
be
successful
rewarding
when
all
partners
critically
examine
share
a
fundamental
target
variables,
process,
analytical
methods.