The Psychedelic Future of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment

Current Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 636 - 735

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can occur following exposure to traumatic experience. An estimated 12 million U.S. adults are presently affected by this disorder. Current treatments include psychological therapies (e.g., exposure-based interventions) and pharmacological selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)). However, significant proportion of patients receiving standard-of-care for PTSD remain symptomatic, new approaches other trauma-related conditions greatly needed. Psychedelic compounds alter cognition, perception, mood currently being examined their efficacy in treating despite current status as Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)- scheduled substances. Initial clinical trials have demonstrated the potential value psychedelicassisted therapy treat psychiatric disorders. In comprehensive review, we summarize state science care, including shortcomings. We review studies psychedelic interventions PTSD, disorders, common comorbidities. The classic psychedelics psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) DMT-containing ayahuasca, well entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) dissociative anesthetic ketamine, reviewed. For each drug, present history use, somatic effects, pharmacology, safety profile. rationale proposed mechanisms use traumarelated disorders discussed. This concludes with an in-depth consideration future directions applications maximize therapeutic benefit minimize risk individuals communities impacted conditions.

Language: Английский

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Uncovering Psychedelics: From Neural Circuits to Therapeutic Applications

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 130 - 130

Published: Jan. 19, 2025

Psychedelics, historically celebrated for their cultural and spiritual significance, have emerged as potential breakthrough therapeutic agents due to profound effects on consciousness, emotional processing, mood, neural plasticity. This review explores the mechanisms underlying psychedelics’ effects, focusing ability modulate brain connectivity circuit activity, including default mode network (DMN), cortico-striatal thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loops, relaxed beliefs under psychedelics (REBUS) model. Advanced neuroimaging techniques reveal capacity enhance functional between sensory cerebral areas while reducing connections associative areas, decreasing rigidity rendering more plastic susceptible external changings, offering insights into outcome. The most relevant clinical trials of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) demonstrate significant efficacy in treating treatment-resistant psychiatric conditions such post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, with favorable safety profiles. Despite these advancements, critical gaps remain linking molecular actions efficacy. highlights need further research integrate mechanistic optimize tools both therapy understanding human cognition.

Language: Английский

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The Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelics in Treating Substance Use Disorders: A Review of Clinical Trials

Medicina, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(2), P. 278 - 278

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Background and Objectives: Substance use disorders (SUDs) affect millions worldwide. Despite increasing drug use, treatment options remain limited. Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT), integrating psychedelic substances with psychotherapy, offers a promising alternative by addressing underlying neural mechanisms. Materials Methods: This review's purpose is to investigate the current understanding of for treating SUDs, including tobacco, alcohol, addiction. The systematic review approach focused on clinical trials randomized controlled conducted from 2013 2023. search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, Consensus AI, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies involving psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin, ibogaine, ayahuasca various addictions were included, excluding naturalistic studies reviews. Results: Our results highlight key findings 16 investigating SUDs. Psychedelics psilocybin showed promise in reducing alcohol tobacco dependence, being particularly effective decreasing cravings promoting long-term abstinence. revealed significant improvements substance reduction, especially when combined psychotherapy. However, variability dosages study design calls more standardized approaches. These emphasize potential SUD treatment, though further large-scale research needed validate these develop consistent protocols. Conclusions: reviewed past decade's international experience, emphasizing growing SUDs pertaining cocaine dependence. such as ketamine can reduce promote psychological well-being, regulatory barriers specialized training are necessary integrate therapies into mainstream addiction safely. offer those unresponsive conventional methods.

Language: Английский

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Psychedelic therapy in the treatment of addiction: the past, present and future

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 12, 2023

Psychedelic therapy has witnessed a resurgence in interest the last decade from scientific and medical communities with evidence now building for its safety efficacy treating range of psychiatric disorders including addiction. In this review we will chart research investigating role these interventions individuals addiction beginning an overview current socioeconomic impact addiction, treatment options, outcomes. We start by examining historical studies first psychedelic era mid-late 1900s, followed available real-world gathered naturalistic, observational, survey-based studies. then cover modern-day clinical trials therapies first-in-human to phase II trials. Finally, provide different translational human neuropsychopharmacology techniques, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) positron emission tomography (PET), that can be applied foster mechanistic understanding therapeutic mechanisms. A more granular effects psychedelics facilitate optimisation drug development landscape, ultimately improve patient

Language: Английский

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Psychedelics for acquired brain injury: a review of molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(3), P. 671 - 685

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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An Integrated theory of false insights and beliefs under psychedelics

Communications Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Psychedelics are recognised for their potential to re-orient beliefs. We propose a model of how psychedelics can, in some cases, lead false insights and thus first review experimental work on laboratory-based memories. then connect this belief formation under using the active inference framework. that subjective brain-based alterations caused by increases quantity intensity thence beliefs, including ones. offer directions future research minimising risk potentially harmful beliefs arising from psychedelics. Ultimately, knowing may facilitate is crucial if we optimally leverage therapeutic potential.

Language: Английский

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Psilocybin-induced changes in neural reactivity to alcohol and emotional cues in patients with alcohol use disorder: an fMRI pilot study

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Abstract This pilot study investigated psilocybin-induced changes in neural reactivity to alcohol and emotional cues patients with use disorder (AUD). Participants were recruited from a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) for the treatment of AUD (NCT02061293). Eleven adult completed task-based blood oxygen dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approximately 3 days before 2 after receiving 25 mg psilocybin (n = 5) or 50 diphenhydramine 6). Visual emotionally valanced (positive, negative, neutral) stimuli presented block design. Across both cues, increased activity medial lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) left caudate, decreased insular, motor, temporal, parietal, occipital cortices, cerebellum. Unique negative supramarginal gyrus activity; unique positive right hippocampus activity. Greater PFC caudate engagement concomitant insula, cerebellar disengagement suggests enhanced goal-directed action, improved regulation, diminished craving. The robust brain observed this warrant larger neuroimaging studies elucidate mechanisms PAT. Trial registration : NCT02061293.

Language: Английский

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Rapid-acting antidepressant drugs modulate affective bias in rats

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(729)

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

How rapid-acting antidepressants (RAADs), such as ketamine, induce immediate and sustained improvements in mood patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is poorly understood. A core feature of MDD the prevalence cognitive processing biases associated negative affective states, alleviation may be an index response to drug treatment. Here, we used bias behavioral test rats, based on associative learning task, investigate effects RAADs. To generate bias, animals learned associate two different digging substrates a food reward presence or absence state manipulation. choice between reward-associated was quantify generated. Acute treatment RAADs scopolamine, psilocybin selectively attenuated test. Low, but not high, doses ketamine reversed valence 24 hours after RAAD Only psilocybin, led positive that dependent new memory formation. The relearning were protein synthesis localized rat medial prefrontal cortex could modulated by cue reactivation, consistent experience-dependent neural plasticity. These findings suggest neuropsychological mechanism explain both acute RAADs, potentially linking their plasticity modulation rodent model.

Language: Английский

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Older adults in psychedelic-assisted therapy trials: A systematic review

Journal of Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(1), P. 33 - 48

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Growing clinical interest in psychedelic-assisted therapies has led to a second wave of research involving psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other substances. Data suggests that these compounds have the potential treat mental health conditions are especially prevalent older adults such as depression, anxiety, existential distress, posttraumatic stress disorder.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial Metabolism in Major Depressive Disorder: From Early Diagnosis to Emerging Treatment Options

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1727 - 1727

Published: March 17, 2024

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling diseases in world. MDD traditionally diagnosed based on a patient’s symptoms, which can lead to misdiagnosis. Although pathogenic mechanisms are unknown, several studies have identified mitochondrial dysfunction as central factor onset and progression MDD. In context MDD, alterations metabolism imbalances energy production oxidative stress, contributing disorder´s underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Consequently, identification key biomarker for early accurate diagnosis represents significant challenge. Faced with limits traditional treatments antidepressants, new pharmacological therapeutic targets being investigated such ketamine/esketamine, psychedelics, or anti-inflammatories. All these drugs show potential antidepressant effects due their speed action ability modulate neuroplasticity and/or motor processing. parallel, non-pharmacological studied, like Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Deep Brain (DBS), recognized neuronal activity offer treatment alternatives. As cellular directly related respiration, aim this review examining link between assessing how biomarkers could provide more objective precise diagnostic tool, exploring other addition specific focus emerging targets. Finally, detailed analysis strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats approaches was carried out, highlighting challenges that must be addressed.

Language: Английский

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