Decoding Urinary Tract Infection Trends: A 5-Year Snapshot from Central Portugal

Clinics and Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 14 - 14

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

This study analyzes urinary tract infections (UTIs) in a hospital Central Portugal over five-year period, focusing on bacterial prevalence, patient demographics, and antibiotic resistance patterns. investigation aims to provide insights that can guide improved infection control treatment strategies. A total of 6161 positive urine cultures collected five years were examined, with particular emphasis 2019 due peak rates. The analysis explored demographic factors such as sex clinical service origin, resistance. Special attention was given hospitalized patients, especially those undergoing invasive procedures, their increased vulnerability infection. found UTIs more prevalent female reflecting anatomical susceptibilities. Hospitalized individuals, particularly requiring at greater risk. predominant bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, differences prevalence by origin. Resistance Imipenem E. coli increased, raising concerns about last-resort treatments. However, other antibiotics declined, suggesting improvements recent stewardship measures. During the COVID-19 pandemic, overall consumption decreased changes practices. findings highlight importance strict control, targeted prevention measures, rational use combat Ongoing surveillance personalized approaches are essential improve UTI management outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Epidemiology and Genetic Traits of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales: A Global Threat to Human Health

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 141 - 141

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) represent an important threat to global health, resulting in urgent issue clinical settings. CPE often exhibit a multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype, thus reducing the antimicrobial armamentarium, with few antibiotics retaining residual activity against these pathogens. Carbapenemases are divided into three classes (A, B, and D) according Ambler classification system. Among these, KPC (class A), NDM, VIM, IMP B), OXA-48-like most carbapenemases terms of diffusion impact. has been observed worldwide, current endemicity multiple territories around world. In this context, clonal spread plasmid-mediated transmission have contributed worldwide among different species. recent years, novel molecules showing excellent vitro vivo developed CPE. However, emergence traits resistance already reported several cases, mitigating initial promising results. This review aims provide updated description major carbapenemases, their distribution, future perspectives limit CPEs.

Language: Английский

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Preparation and Properties of Chitosan Complexes Consisting of Artemisia argyi Volatile Oil Nanoemulsion

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(3), P. 585 - 585

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Artemisia argyi volatile oil (AAVO) is a kind of natural with abundant active components and remarkable medicinal healthcare value. However, AAVO has low solubility, stability, bioavailability. Here, to address these issues, nanoemulsion system (AAVO-Ne) constructed using phase transition titration, the conditions are continuously optimized combine it chitosan, forming chitosan composite (AAVO-NeCs). The structure was analyzed Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, performance evaluated through in vitro antibacterial tests, release experiments, antioxidant assays. results indicated that typical characteristic absorption peaks shifted AAVO-Ne spectrum new appeared AAVO-NeCs, which implied formation AAVO-NeCs involved not only physical encapsulation process but also certain chemical interactions, thus enhancing stability bioactivity composites. Compared AAVO, exhibited 1.87-fold increase activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Meanwhile, study demonstrated biphasic pattern. showed significant enhancement activity. Overall, demonstrate improved solubility efficacy as well high-efficiency delivery, antibacterial, sustained-release, properties. These attributes position promising candidate for applications drug food preservation, other fields, offering innovative solutions contributing sustainable development related industries.

Language: Английский

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Population pharmacokinetics of colistin sulfate in patients on continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration

Science Progress, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 108(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Objective The aim of this study is to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for patients undergoing continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) and optimize the dosing regimen colistin sulfate. Methods A prospective observational in single center was conducted on who were administrated with sulfate CVVHDF at least 48 h. Blood samples obtained prior four six blood (primarily C 0.5h , 1h 2h 4h 6h ) after dosing. concentration determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay. NONMEM program used PK perform Monte Carlo simulations. predictability stability internally evaluated goodness fit plots, visual prediction check, bootstraps. Results total 86 plasma concentrations from 20 modeling. two-compartment first-order linear elimination best described characteristics Cystatin (CysC) body weight (WT) identified as covariates clearance (CL). Internal evaluation results showed that final had good performance. simulations only when WT 50 kg CysC ≥3.07 mg/l, 65 = 5.11 minimum inhibitory (MIC) 0.25 target attainment probability (PTA) daily dose 1.5 million U ≥90%. All treatment regimens fail achieve PTA MIC 1 mg/l. Conclusions With decrease levels increase WT, may need be increased. It prudent consider an initial doubling subsequent maintenance 200–225 unit daily, administered 2–3 divided doses, attain standard. This registered Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn (trial registration number ChiCTR2300072191).

Language: Английский

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Bacteriophage-derived depolymerase: a review on prospective antibacterial agents to combat Klebsiella pneumoniae

Archives of Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 170(4)

Published: March 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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Companion Animals as Sources of Hazardous Critically Important Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli: Genomic Surveillance in Shanghai

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 491, P. 137852 - 137852

Published: March 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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The emergence of highly resistant and hypervirulent Escherichia coli ST405 clone in a tertiary hospital over 8 years

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 12, 2025

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) poses crucial challenges in clinical management, requiring continuous monitoring to inform control and treatment strategies. This study aimed investigate the genomic epidemiological characteristics CREC isolates obtained from a tertiary hospital China between 2015 2022. Next-generation sequencing was used for profiling, data patients were integrated into analysis. ST405 (21.2%), ST167 (20.3%) ST410 (15.9%) most prevalent 30 distinct sequence types (STs) identified among 113 unique isolates. Infections caused by clone severe underlying diseases associated with higher in-hospital mortality rates, particularly aged ≥65 years. Furthermore, exhibited greater number virulence resistance genes than non-ST405 clones. gene eaeX mph(E) msr(E) exclusively found clones, while other (agn43, ipad malX) (armA, catB3 arr-3) more this Additionally, showed minimum inhibitory concentrations both meropenem imipenem superior growth under challenge. Galleria mellonella assays revealed that virulent predominant STs. Our findings underscore threat posed clone, which exhibits enhanced extensive drug resistance. These results highlight urgent need stringent surveillance targeted interventions curb its further dissemination prevent potential outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive analysis of the pathogen spectrum and antibiotic resistance profiles in periprosthetic joint infections: a single center retrospective study

Frontiers in Surgery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 13, 2025

Objective The objective of this study was to preliminarily examine the demographic profiles, spectrum pathogenic bacteria, and antibiotic resistance patterns among patients with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), while also offering deeper insights into microbiological characteristics specifically in diabetic PJI. Methods A retrospective analysis 278 diagnosed PJI from January 2019 December 2024 at our institution performed. Demographic patients, distribution data on were statistically analyzed employing chi-square test t -test. Results Gram-positive cocci comprised 56.6% all whereas coagulase-negative staphylococci constituted 28.1% total. Throughout period, a significant decrease observed proportion rifampicin-resistant (CoNS), 27.0% 10.4%. Similarly, marked decline noted gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 50.0% 15.4%. Conversely, there dramatic increase amoxicillin-clavulanate-resistant gram-negative bacilli, 23.1% 64.7%. incidence fungal infections notably higher compared their non-diabetic counterparts. Conclusion This demonstrates that pattern bacteria profiles undergoes continuous variation. Moreover, exist differences between those diabetes without patients. serves as crucial theoretical foundation empirical support for rigorous tailored development anti-infective treatment strategies various types

Language: Английский

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Systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Iran: Evaluation of TEM, PER, SHV, CTX-M, VEB and GES

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107554 - 107554

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Genomic analysis and therapeutic efficacy evaluation of bacteriophage PK2420 for pneumonia caused by hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (K20 serotype)

mSystems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 16, 2025

ABSTRACT Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) strains are increasingly recognized for their aggressive nature, which leads to severe clinical outcomes. The emergence of multidrug-resistant constitutes a substantial challenge management. Phage therapy offers potential solution the antibiotic resistance crisis. A hvKp strain, K2420 (K20 serotype), was used isolate bacteriophages from hospital sewage. morphology, biological properties, and genome characteristics were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, plaque assays, whole-genome sequencing. Therapeutic safety efficacy assessed in an acute pneumonia murine model induced by intratracheal injection K2420. Assessment parameters included bacterial load, phage titer, body temperature, cytokine levels, histopathological findings, other relevant indicators. PK2420, member Autographiviridae family Przondovirus genus, identified. It rapidly lyses K. inhibits biofilm formation, exhibits burst size 37.4 plaque-forming units/cell. is stable at temperatures ranging 0°C 40°C pH values between 6 9. Its genome, 41,155 bp length, contains 46 coding sequences. has no genes associated with resistance, virulence, or lysogeny. In vivo , PK2420 substantially reduced loads, improved survival rates, alleviated severity without observable side effects. lytic activity against both vitro models, providing promising safe option treatment infections. IMPORTANCE Our investigation provides insights into interaction mechanism among hypervirulent phage, host mouse model, offering valuable reference future research on pharmacokinetics. This study demonstrated that bacteriophage biosafety therapeutic hvKp-induced pulmonary infections dissemination model. These findings suggest may be

Language: Английский

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