Forest Insect Biosecurity: Processes, Patterns, Predictions, Pitfalls

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 68(1), P. 211 - 229

Published: Oct. 6, 2022

The economic and environmental threats posed by non-native forest insects are ever increasing with the continuing globalization of trade travel; thus, need for mitigation through effective biosecurity is greater than ever. However, despite decades research implementation preborder, border, postborder preventative measures, insect invasions continue to occur, no evidence saturation, even predicted accelerate. In this article, we review measures used mitigate arrival, establishment, spread, impacts possible impediments successful these measures. Biosecurity successes likely under-recognized because they difficult detect quantify, whereas failures more evident in continued establishment additional species. There limitations existing systems at global country scales (for example, inspecting all imports impossible, phytosanitary perfect, knownunknowns cannot be regulated against, noncompliance an ongoing problem). should a shared responsibility across countries, governments, stakeholders, individuals.

Language: Английский

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Monitoring urban biological invasions using citizen science: the polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea fornicatus)

Journal of Pest Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 97(4), P. 2073 - 2085

Published: Jan. 27, 2024

Benefits provided by urban trees are increasingly threatened non-native pests and pathogens. Monitoring of these invasions is critical for the effective management conservation tree populations. However, a shortage professionally collected species occurrence data major impediment to assessments biological in areas. We applied from iNaturalist develop protocol monitoring using polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) invasion two areas South Africa. records all known PSHB reproductive host were used together with on localities sites processing plant biomass map priority detecting new expanding infestations. Priority also identified distribution

Language: Английский

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Understanding and managing introduction pathways into protected areas in a changing climate

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27(2)

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Language: Английский

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A silvicultural synthesis of sweet (Castanea sativa) and American (C. dentata) chestnuts

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 539, P. 121041 - 121041

Published: April 23, 2023

Language: Английский

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Experimental evidence supports the ability of spotted lanternfly to hitchhike on vehicle exteriors as a mechanism for anthropogenic dispersal

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(7)

Published: July 1, 2024

Historically, anecdotal observations support the likelihood of human-assisted invasive insect dispersal to new environments. No previous studies have investigated ability insects remain attached moving vehicles; however, such information is critical for prioritizing research, mitigation activities and understanding anthropogenic effects on biotic communities.

Language: Английский

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A mechanistic statistical approach to infer invasion characteristics of human‐dispersed species with complex life cycle

Ecological Monographs, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 95(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract The rising introduction of invasive species through trade networks threatens biodiversity and ecosystem services. Yet, we have a limited understanding how transportation determine spatiotemporal patterns range expansion. This knowledge gap may stem from two reasons. First, current analytical models fail to integrate the invader's life‐history dynamics with heterogeneity in human‐mediated dispersal patterns. Second, classical statistical methods often provide reliable estimates model parameters, such as time place characteristics, due spatial biases presence‐only records lack informative demographic data. To address these gaps, first formulate an age‐structured metapopulation that uses probability matrix emulate reveals invader spreads radially along shortest network path, inter‐patch distances decrease increasing traffic volume reproductive value hitchhikers. Next, propose hierarchical Bayesian method estimate parameters using data prior knowledge. show utility approach, analyze zebra mussel ( Dreissena polymorpha ) expansion North America inland commercial shipping network. Our analysis suggests mussels might been introduced before 1981, indicating lag 5 years between detection late 1986. Furthermore, our model, estimated one three chance they were near Kingsville (Ontario, Canada), where reported. We also find survival, fecundity, during early life (1–2 years) play critical role determining success mollusks. These results underscore importance fusing scientific observation processes framework for conceptual practical spread by human agency.

Language: Английский

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Agrilus planipennis Pest Report to support the ranking of EU candidate priority pests

EFSA Supporting Publications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract In 2022, EFSA was mandated by the European Commission's Directorate‐General for Health and Food Safety (M‐2022‐00070) to provide technical assistance on list of Union quarantine pests qualifying as priority pests, specified in Article 6(2) Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 protective measures against plant pests. As part Task C, conducted expert knowledge elicitations candidate focusing lag period, expansion rate impact production (yield quality losses) environment. This report provides rationale dataset Agrilus planipennis, delivered Joint Research Centre, feed into Impact Indicator Priority Pests (I2P2) model complete pest prioritisation ranking exercise.

Language: Английский

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Simulating the spread and establishment of alien species along aquatic and terrestrial transport networks: A multi‐pathway and high‐resolution approach

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 59(7), P. 1769 - 1780

Published: April 28, 2022

Abstract The introduction and further spread of many alien species have been a result trade transport. Consequently, are often found close to traffic infrastructure urban areas. To contain manage the species, it is essential identify predict major routes spread, which cannot be obtained by applying common modelling approaches such as distribution models. Here, we present new model called CASPIAN simulate dispersal along establishment populations these routes. simulates simultaneous up eight different modes transport roads, railways waterways. We calibrated validated using two that within Germany case studies: terrestrial plant Senecio inaequidens freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea , performed shortest path analysis quantify relative importance individual for spread. application yielded detailed predictions >600,000 segments network throughout Germany. Once calibrated, captured general dynamics with higher accuracy environment due quality data available aquatic species. quantification revealed clear backbone varied depending on type starting points considered. Major aligned high intensities, but per se did not necessarily in intensities. Synthesis . By simulating spreading networks across multiple pathways, enables identification pathways their importance, helps prioritising required international biodiversity goals CBD Aichi targets.

Language: Английский

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Mortality of Bark- and Wood-boring Beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Curculionidae) in Naturally Infested Heat-treated Ash, Birch, Oak, and Pine Bolts

Journal of Economic Entomology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 115(6), P. 1964 - 1975

Published: Sept. 28, 2022

Firewood and wood packaging material (WPM) are major pathways for moving bark- wood-infesting insects (borers). Heat treatment regulations interstate firewood movement vary among U.S. states: from 56°C 30 min to 71.1°C 75 min. Current WPM international standards (ISPM 15) require heating a minimum of throughout the profile wood. Using bolts infested ash (Fraxinus), birch (Betula), oak (Quercus), pine (Pinus) trees in Michigan, we assessed borer mortality at core temperatures 50, 53, 56, 60°C maintained chambers set 60, 65, 70, or 75°C. After treatment, were monitored adult emergence later dissected determine rates. Mortality was high complete all heat treatments increased with both increasing chamber temperatures. For Agrilus (Buprestidae) species tested, there anxius on planipennis when higher targeted regardless temperature. However, oak, few bilineatus sulcicollis survived heated 60 65°C, some A. 70 Similarly, pine-infesting borers hosts min, Results discussed terms current WPM.

Language: Английский

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Preventing the Perfect Storm of Forest Mortality in the United States Caused by Invasive Species

Journal of Forestry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 121(1), P. 104 - 117

Published: Dec. 7, 2022

Abstract Invasive species are a growing global threat to forest ecosystems. In North America, previous invasions have functionally eliminated the American chestnut (Castanea dentata), keystone and commercially important in eastern forests, currently threaten eliminate other species, such as ash (Fraxinus spp.), redbay (Persea borbonia), hemlock (Tsuga canadensis). particularly invasive insects, pathogens, plants, ecosystem integrity put commercial forestry at risk. However, from grows due expanding international trade, scientific workforce with specialized expertise training mitigate current threats and, more importantly, avoid future threats, has been declining over past 40 years. Research funding administrative capacity respond also not kept pace increased frequency risk of introductions. Herein, we review nature this ongoing challenge by examining contributing factors, including documenting trends funding. addition, make recommendations for resources needed information gaps that should be addressed justify need support basic biological research further exploration techniques identify treat potential (e.g., sentinel studies). Study Implications: The US faces an crisis. Major tree already being decimated. products industry relies primarily on hand full species. A new insect or disease could thus decimate industry. We show introductions accelerated greater faster shipping volume. Port screening sanitation considerable improvement, especially live which harbor insects pathogens. Interior monitoring overseas sentinal studies enhancement better detection threats. More control staff government university posts, enable rapid response. Finally, is technologies.

Language: Английский

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