Genome Biology and Evolution,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(11)
Published: Oct. 21, 2024
Abstract
Bark
and
ambrosia
beetles
are
among
the
most
ecologically
economically
damaging
introduced
plant
pests
worldwide.
Life
history
traits
including
polyphagy,
haplodiploidy,
inbreeding
polygyny,
symbiosis
with
fungi
contribute
to
their
dispersal
impact.
Species
vary
in
interactions
host
trees,
many
attacking
stressed
or
recently
dead
such
as
globally
distributed
Euwallacea
similis
(Ferrari).
Other
species,
like
Polyphagous
Shot
Hole
Borer
fornicatus
(Eichhoff),
can
attack
over
680
plants
is
causing
considerable
economic
damage
several
countries.
Despite
notoriety,
publicly
accessible
genomic
resources
for
Hopkins
species
scarce,
hampering
our
understanding
of
invasive
capabilities
well
modern
control
measures,
surveillance,
management.
Using
a
combination
long
short
read
sequencing
platforms,
we
assembled
annotated
high
quality
(BUSCO
>
98%
complete)
pseudo-chromosome-level
genomes
these
species.
Comparative
macrosynteny
analysis
identified
an
increased
number
pseudo-chromosome
scaffolds
haplodiploid
compared
diploid
outbred
due
fission
events.
This
suggests
that
life
impact
chromosome
structure.
Further,
genome
E.
had
higher
relative
proportion
repetitive
elements,
up
17%
more,
than
similis.
Metagenomic
assembly
pipelines
microbiota
associated
both
Fusarium
fungal
symbionts
novel
Wolbachia
strain.
These
will
how
related
evolution
management
pests.
CABI eBooks,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 312 - 326
Published: Nov. 13, 2023
Australian
Acacia
species
('wattles';
specifically
A.
auriculiformis,
crassicarpa,
mangium,
mearnsii
and
various
hybrids)
are
important
plantation
forestry
species,
particularly
in
South-East
Asia,
parts
of
Africa
Brazil.
Over
time,
a
number
pathogens
insect
pests
have
become
established
these
alien
wattle
plantations,
some
cases
causing
serious
damage.
These
include
root
diseases,
leaf
shoot
vascular
wilt
root-
collar-feeding
insects,
leaf-eating
sap-sucking
ambrosia
beetles
other
wood-boring
insects.
The
diseases
mainly
but
not
exclusively
caused
by
fungal
native
to
the
area
where
wattles
planted,
currently
all
planted.
However,
introduction
is
expected
increase
with
time
as
global
plantings
expand.
This,
together
continued
development
new
host
associations
planted
wattles,
well
potential
insect–fungal
resulting
plant
disease,
will
challenge
sustainability
forestry.
Understanding
origin
diversity
can
help
inform
management
responses,
molecular
tools
for
this
purpose
continually
improving.
Management
responses
use
resistant
or
tolerant
planting
stock,
biological
control
adapting
silvicultural
practices
avoid
Development
such
strategies
require
investment,
including
research,
human
capacity
ability
work
on
tree
health
problems,
establishment
both
regional
collaborative
forest
protection
programmes.
Southern Forests a Journal of Forest Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
84(2), P. 174 - 191
Published: April 3, 2022
Collections
of
living
trees
(hereafter
arboreta)
are
important
for
conservation,
research
on
species
selection
forestry,
and
as
sentinel
sites
monitoring
pests
diseases.
Arboreta
can
also
be
the
source
propagules
biological
invasions.
Between
2012
2022
a
survey
was
undertaken
to
assess
status
arboreta
in
South
Africa
taxa
present
such
sites,
first
assessment
since
1986.
At
least
172
have
existed
Africa,
but
51
these
no
longer
present,
with
total
number
peaking
around
1980
declining
thereafter.
been
lost
mostly
because
conversion
other
land-uses,
some
cases
specimens
were
felled
or
burnt
down
not
replaced.
Most
remaining
121
municipal
forestry
land.
The
biggest
challenge
facing
extant
is
financial
burden
maintaining
collections.
house
2
309
from
158
plant
families;
these,
128
(occurring
variously
88
listed
Vulnerable,
Endangered,
Critically
Endangered
Extinct
Wild
under
2020
IUCN
Red
List,
400
113
invasive
somewhere
world.
Biogeographic
regions
that
relatively
well
represented
include
East
African
Steppe,
Sino-Japanese
Region,
West
Rainforest,
North-Eastern
Australia,
Caribbean,
making
valuable
sources
germplasm
regions.
an
resource
appears
shrinking.
If
value
current
education,
fulfilled,
they
need
formally
catalogued,
their
lists
regularly
updated,
measures
put
place
ensure
sustainability.
Frontiers in Insect Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
3
Published: Dec. 18, 2023
Polyphagous
shot
hole
borer
Euwallacea
fornicatus
Eichhoff
was
detected
in
Western
Australia
September
2021,
and
an
eradication
campaign
funded
by
the
Commonwealth
government
is
underway.
As
part
of
contingency
planning,
we
examined
cost
effectiveness
alternative
control
strategies
that
could
be
used
to
mitigate
urban
forest
impacts
maintain
benefits
trees
local
communities
if
not
feasible.
At
time
this
work
undertaken,
decision-makers
were
concerned
about
potential
need
replace
all
susceptible
attack.
We
considered
strategy
alongside
less
destructive
assessed
their
terms
material
labor
costs
loss
ecosystem
services
resulting
from
reduced
tree
foliage.
Using
a
stochastic
simulation
model,
found
involved
pruning
necrotic
limbs
treating
biennially
with
systemic
insecticide
almost
always
more
effective
than
removing
infested
replanting
resistant
varieties.
estimated
would
A$55-110
million
over
50
years,
while
removal
$105-195
million.
A
third
using
mix
chemical
suppression
also
light
new
information
pest’s
host
preferences.
With
$60-110
million,
only
slightly
expensive
alone
actually
lead
range
as
narrow
recent
survey
data
suggests.
Plant Pathology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
71(8), P. 1712 - 1720
Published: June 11, 2022
Abstract
The
polyphagous
shot
hole
borer
(PSHB)
Euwallacea
fornicatus
is
an
ambrosia
beetle
that
poses
a
serious
threat
to
hundreds
of
tree
species
in
invaded
countries.
In
its
range,
it
relies
on
mutualistic
fungus,
Fusarium
euwallaceae
,
for
colony
establishment
and
nutrition.
Together,
the
beetle–fungus
complex
can
cause
dieback
disease
lead
death
highly
susceptible
hosts.
key
mitigation
spread
control
PSHB
rapid
detection.
Current
identification
DNA
extraction
sequencing
barcoding
genes
and/or
which
expensive
time‐consuming.
Often
not
present
sample,
isolation
purification
fungus
needed
before
employing
molecular
procedures.
Because
has
strong
association
with
fungal
symbiont,
at
least
infect
trees
without
successful
establishment,
tool
rapidly
detect
F
.
from
infected
wood
would
aid
monitoring
efforts.
Here
we
developed
PCR
amplification
protocol
targets
species‐specific
gene
within
various
hosts
prior
isolation,
or
sequencing.
technique
minimal
woody
material
(c.15
mg)
even
degraded
samples
many
Additionally,
using
lysate
prepared
mycelia
provided
reliable
secondary
measure.
This
method
drastically
reduces
time
costs
associated
field
samples.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 29, 2024
Abstract
Bark
and
ambrosia
beetles
are
among
the
most
ecologically
economically
damaging
introduced
plant
pests
worldwide,
with
life
history
traits
including
polyphagy,
haplodiploidy,
inbreeding
polygyny
symbiosis
fungi
contributing
to
their
dispersal
impact.
Species
vary
in
host
tree
ecologies,
many
attacking
stressed
or
recently
dead
trees,
such
as
globally
distributed
E.
similis
(Ferrari).
Other
species,
like
Polyphagous
Shot
Hole
Borer
(PSHB)
Euwallacea
fornicatus
(Eichhoff),
can
attack
over
680
plants
is
causing
considerable
economic
damage
several
countries
worldwide.
Despite
notoriety,
publicly
accessible
genomic
resources
for
Hopkins
species
scarce,
hampering
better
understanding
of
invasive
capabilities
well
modern
control
measures,
surveillance
management.
Using
a
combination
long
short
read
sequencing
platforms
we
assembled
annotated
high
quality
(BUSCO
>
98%
complete)
chromosome
level
genomes
these
species.
Comparative
macro-synteny
analysis
showed
an
increased
number
chromosomes
haplodiploid
compared
diploid
outbred
due
fission
events.
This
suggests
that
impact
structure.
Further,
genome
had
higher
relative
proportion
repetitive
elements,
up
17%
more,
than
.
Additionally,
metagenomic
assembly
pipelines
identified
microbiota
associated
both
Fusarium
fungal
symbionts
novel
Wolbachia
strain.
These
will
contribute
how
related
evolution
management
pests.
Significance
Scolytinae
significant
forestry
around
world
commonly
translocated
human
trade
wood
products.
Life
haplodiploidy
attributed
successful
establishment
environments.
widely
attacks
wide
variety
live
trees.
study
reports
this
for,
,
which
colonises
The
assemblies
presented
herein
highly
complete
scaffolded
pseudo-chromosomal
level.
analyses
other
highlight
chromosomal
rearrangements
between
outbreeding
scolytinae
Higher
proportions
transposable
elements
were
may
promote
species’
ability
first
insects.
African Entomology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
32
Published: Aug. 28, 2024
Sub-cortical
beetles
and
mites
contribute
to
tree
mortality
by
creating
wounds
spreading
potential
pathogens.
Here
we
elucidate
associations
between
sub-cortical
beetles,
mites,
ophiostomatoid
fungi
from
trees
in
Afromontane
forests
South
Africa.
Bark
wood
samples
were
collected
native
species
exotic
Pinus
radiata
Acacia
mearnsii
that
showed
signs
of
beetle
activity,
or
on
storm-damaged
trees.
Ophiostomatoid
fungi,
a
group
contains
numerous
pathogens,
isolated
emerged
samples,
their
galleries,
phoretic
these
wound-associated
mites.
Fungal
isolates
identified
using
multiple
DNA
markers.
Twenty
beetle,
22
mite
16
fungal
recovered
only
few
host
species.
Three
are
likely
undescribed
despite
increased
focus
this
ecologically
economically
important
worldwide.
Significantly,
some
non-native
hosts.
Wound-associated
less
host-specific
than
beetle-associated
taxa.
We
highlight
the
rich
still
unexplored
symbioses
provide
foundation
for
future
studies
ecology
organisms.
Heredity,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 12, 2024
Abstract
Heteroplasmy,
the
presence
of
multiple
mitochondrial
genotypes
(mitotypes)
within
an
individual,
has
long
been
thought
to
be
a
rare
aberrance
that
is
quickly
removed
by
selection
or
drift.
However,
heteroplasmy
being
reported
in
natural
populations
eukaryotes
with
increasing
frequency,
part
due
improved
diagnostic
methods.
Here,
we
report
seemingly
stable
heteroplasmic
state
California
polyphagous
shothole
borer
(PSHB),
Euwallacea
fornicatus
;
invasive
ambrosia
beetle
causing
significant
tree
dieback.
We
develop
and
validate
qPCR
assay
utilizing
locked
nucleic
acid
probes
detect
different
mitotypes,
qualitatively
assess
individual
PSHB.
prove
utility
this
by:
(1)
mitotyping
field-collected
PSHB,
documenting
prevalence
across
its
range
California;
and,
(2)
measuring
relative
titers
each
mitotype
generations
laboratory
colonies
stability
transmission
through
maternal
germline.
show
our
findings
are
unlikely
explained
existence
NUMTs
next
generation
sequencing
contiguous
sections
DNA,
where
observed
sites
found
fully
functional
coding
regions
mtDNA.
Subsequently,
find
individuals
common
Californian
field
populations,
persists
for
at
least
10
experimental
colonies.
also
looked
evidence
occurrence
paternal
leakage,
but
none.
In
light
results,
discuss
competing
hypotheses
as
how
may
have
arisen,
continues
perpetuate,
PSHB
populations.
Mycologia,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 20
Published: Sept. 26, 2024
Ambrosia
beetles
(Coleoptera:
Curculionidae:
Scolytinae)
are
small
wood-boring
insects
that
live
in
an
obligate
symbiosis
with
fungi,
which
serve
as
their
primary
food
source.
Beetles
residing
the
genus
Genome Biology and Evolution,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(11)
Published: Oct. 21, 2024
Abstract
Bark
and
ambrosia
beetles
are
among
the
most
ecologically
economically
damaging
introduced
plant
pests
worldwide.
Life
history
traits
including
polyphagy,
haplodiploidy,
inbreeding
polygyny,
symbiosis
with
fungi
contribute
to
their
dispersal
impact.
Species
vary
in
interactions
host
trees,
many
attacking
stressed
or
recently
dead
such
as
globally
distributed
Euwallacea
similis
(Ferrari).
Other
species,
like
Polyphagous
Shot
Hole
Borer
fornicatus
(Eichhoff),
can
attack
over
680
plants
is
causing
considerable
economic
damage
several
countries.
Despite
notoriety,
publicly
accessible
genomic
resources
for
Hopkins
species
scarce,
hampering
our
understanding
of
invasive
capabilities
well
modern
control
measures,
surveillance,
management.
Using
a
combination
long
short
read
sequencing
platforms,
we
assembled
annotated
high
quality
(BUSCO
>
98%
complete)
pseudo-chromosome-level
genomes
these
species.
Comparative
macrosynteny
analysis
identified
an
increased
number
pseudo-chromosome
scaffolds
haplodiploid
compared
diploid
outbred
due
fission
events.
This
suggests
that
life
impact
chromosome
structure.
Further,
genome
E.
had
higher
relative
proportion
repetitive
elements,
up
17%
more,
than
similis.
Metagenomic
assembly
pipelines
microbiota
associated
both
Fusarium
fungal
symbionts
novel
Wolbachia
strain.
These
will
how
related
evolution
management
pests.