Towards a legal qualification of digital intimidation against environmental defenders: navigating core components and characteristics DOI
Lien Stolle, Eva Lievens

International Review of Law Computers & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 29

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

ABSTRACTDigital technologies are becoming increasingly important for environmental defenders. Such offer them possibilities to speak out and/or take action, but also increase the (digital) risks they face as a result of their (online) involvement. Recently, significant concerns have been raised about use various forms online and technology-facilitated harassment or ‘digital intimidation’ against This raises question whether defenders adequately protected by current legal framework. To assess this, it is essential first understand phenomenon digital intimidation. paper therefore aims identify ‘core’ components characteristics relevant intimidation enable further qualification analysis. As such, we propose navigation tool that can facilitate more sophisticated understanding different tactics used, well fine-grained analysis existing framework.KEYWORDS: Digital intimidationEnvironmental defendersDigital navigator Disclosure statementNo potential conflict interest was reported author(s).Notes1 reflected in Sustainable Development Goals. set global indicator framework Goals targets 2030 Agenda, 16.10.1 Goal 16 requires quantification number verified cases ‘killing, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention torture’ journalists, associated media personnel, trade unionists human rights advocates.2 Harassment’ defined ‘the act making repeated attacks on an enemy’ (see: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/harassment?q=harassment) ‘illegal behaviour towards person causes mental emotional suffering, which includes unwanted contacts without reasonable purpose, insults, threats, touching, offensive language’ https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/harassment). Emphasis added authors.3 ‘Intimidation’ ‘⁣the frightening threatening somebody so will do what you want’. See: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/intimidation?q=intimidation.4 noted UN Special Rapporteur Violence Women 2018 report, new continue give rise violence.5 Other sources violence were (15%); colleagues (14%), political party officials/workers (10%) rival organisation staff (8%).Additional informationFundingThis work supported Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent.

Language: Английский

Transnational repression: data advances, comparisons, and challenges DOI Creative Commons
Alexander Dukalskis, Saipira Furstenberg, Yana Gorokhovskaia

et al.

Political Research Exchange, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: July 27, 2022

Research on state repression generally focuses what states do to populations within their own borders. However, recently scholars working at the intersection of comparative politics and international relations have begun systematically analyse repressing outside borders as part foreign policy. Variously called transnational repression, extraterritorial or sometimes global authoritarianism, focus is motives, methods, effects extending repressive practices citizens abroad. Much research in this area has developed theories findings using fieldwork interview-based methods. Recently, however, multiple researchers groups produced cross-national publicly available event data repression. This note explains main features those datasets, including scope, sources, structure, definitions, strengths limitations. In addition descriptive introduction, it discusses challenges associated with gathering well suggestions for moving forward. The aims are introduce interested highlight issues they may confront new data.

Language: Английский

Citations

31
The State Authority to Limit Citizens’ Digital Rights by Restricting Internet Access DOI
Nanik Prasetyoningsih, Tri Hastuti Nur Rochimah,

Nanda Rinadi Istiqomah

et al.

Lecture notes in networks and systems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 157 - 168

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Autocracy's long reach: explaining host country influences on transnational repression DOI Creative Commons
Marcus Michaelsen,

Kris Ruijgrok

Democratization, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(2), P. 290 - 314

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

Authoritarian regimes frequently reach across borders to repress against exiled dissidents. Existing scholarship has investigated the methods and effects of transnational repression. Yet, we lack knowledge role that political context a host country its relations origin diasporas play in incidents Addressing this gap, use Freedom House dataset on physical acts repression (2014–2020) study how regime type regional ties between influence likelihood incidents. Conducting logistic regression analysis with yearly directed dyads, find target exiles autocratic states perpetrators primarily rely cooperation authorities, whereas democratic they resort more often direct attacks. We also show authoritarian is regionally clustered: it occurs when home state are situated within same neighbourhood, partly members organization. Our article reveals some conditions relational dynamics shape decisions strategies perpetrators.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
RETERRITORIALIZING THAILAND'S TRANSNATIONAL SPACE? DOI
Wanaporn Techagaisiyavanit, Srisombat Chokprajakchat, Dhanakorn Mulaphong

et al.

World Affairs, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 186(3), P. 717 - 746

Published: May 25, 2023

Studies surrounding transnational repression have taken an interest in the relationships between targeted citizens and their countries of origin, such as strategies used against individuals, legitimacy exercising extraterritorial powers. However, role host state facilitating this repressive control is yet another area that requires greater academic attention. This article argues a state's policy silence legal loopholes regarding protection political exiles practices can allow country origin to aggressively exercise over diaspora population beyond borders, causing spatial encroachment symbolically materially state. We use Thailand case study by examining certain areas spaces potential impacts on growth practices. The concludes reactions strong implications for expansion

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Transnational Human Rights Violations: Addressing the Evolution of Globalized Repression through National Human Rights Institutions DOI Creative Commons
Andrew Chubb, Kirsten Roberts Lyer

Journal of Human Rights Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 770 - 793

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Abstract Transnational Human Rights Violations (THRV) are infringements of individual rights that originate outside the jurisdiction in which they take effect. Ranging from violent and criminal forms transnational repression through to coercion against targets’ family members abroad, digital surveillance, legal intimidation, THRVs today generate widespread systemic constraints on exercise human jurisdictions around world. At present, however, targets typically find few avenues raise complaints, receive assistance or pursue redress. This article proposes a new domestic institutional mechanism directly address this situation. It first examines mutually reinforcing, additive effects censorship era. Next, it identifies relevant standards showing state responsibilities monitor counter within their jurisdiction, growing recognition additive, broad populations. The third section policy responses United States, Australia, Kingdom, international organizations, noting none has adequately addressed contemporary nature scope as require. final argues meet obligations, states should establish Protection Offices (TRPOs) provide clear contact point for complaints support; report situation taking effect state’s jurisdiction; advise inform government departments THRV issues; develop evidence-based recommendations. We conclude by laying out rationale its status National Institutions (NHRIs).

Language: Английский

Citations

0
No Safe Haven: Operation Condor and Transnational Repression in South America DOI Creative Commons
Francesca Lessa,

Lorena Balardini

International Studies Quarterly, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 68(2)

Published: March 14, 2024

Abstract Transnational repression, i.e., the deliberate targeting of refugees and dissidents by states across borders, is a relatively understudied subject in international relations. This article analyzes why act together to persecute political opponents abroad explains variations such practices. It proposes theory cooperation transnational repression uses case study Operation Condor 1970s test it. Through Condor, South American authoritarian willingly forewent key aspects their sovereignty establish sophisticated system target abroad. scheme was critical extension these countries’ domestic-level policies against opposition enabled them politically active wherever they were located. Exiles perceived as constituting an existential threat autocracies’ survival, given ability potentially undermine both internal external regime security, which therefore warranted elimination. We draw on interdisciplinary methodology, combines archival research, interviews, trial observation, analysis legal verdicts, alongside conclusions derived from our novel dataset, Database America's Human Rights Violations (1969–1981).

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Towards a legal qualification of digital intimidation against environmental defenders: navigating core components and characteristics DOI
Lien Stolle, Eva Lievens

International Review of Law Computers & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 29

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

ABSTRACTDigital technologies are becoming increasingly important for environmental defenders. Such offer them possibilities to speak out and/or take action, but also increase the (digital) risks they face as a result of their (online) involvement. Recently, significant concerns have been raised about use various forms online and technology-facilitated harassment or ‘digital intimidation’ against This raises question whether defenders adequately protected by current legal framework. To assess this, it is essential first understand phenomenon digital intimidation. paper therefore aims identify ‘core’ components characteristics relevant intimidation enable further qualification analysis. As such, we propose navigation tool that can facilitate more sophisticated understanding different tactics used, well fine-grained analysis existing framework.KEYWORDS: Digital intimidationEnvironmental defendersDigital navigator Disclosure statementNo potential conflict interest was reported author(s).Notes1 reflected in Sustainable Development Goals. set global indicator framework Goals targets 2030 Agenda, 16.10.1 Goal 16 requires quantification number verified cases ‘killing, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention torture’ journalists, associated media personnel, trade unionists human rights advocates.2 Harassment’ defined ‘the act making repeated attacks on an enemy’ (see: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/harassment?q=harassment) ‘illegal behaviour towards person causes mental emotional suffering, which includes unwanted contacts without reasonable purpose, insults, threats, touching, offensive language’ https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/harassment). Emphasis added authors.3 ‘Intimidation’ ‘⁣the frightening threatening somebody so will do what you want’. See: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/intimidation?q=intimidation.4 noted UN Special Rapporteur Violence Women 2018 report, new continue give rise violence.5 Other sources violence were (15%); colleagues (14%), political party officials/workers (10%) rival organisation staff (8%).Additional informationFundingThis work supported Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent.

Language: Английский

Citations

0