Opportunities, challenges, and future directions for simulation modeling the effects of structural racism on cancer mortality in the United States: a scoping review

JNCI Monographs, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023(62), P. 231 - 245

Published: July 14, 2023

Abstract Purpose Structural racism could contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in cancer mortality via its broad effects on housing, economic opportunities, health care. However, there has been limited focus incorporating structural into simulation models designed identify practice policy strategies support equity. We reviewed studies evaluating highlight challenges, future directions capture this concept modeling research. Methods used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review Extension guidelines. Articles published between 2018 2023 were searched including terms related race, ethnicity, cancer-specific all-cause mortality, racism. included of United States. Results A total 8345 articles identified, 183 included. Studies different measures, data sources, methods. For example, 20 studies, residential segregation, one component racism, was measured by indices dissimilarity, concentration at extremes, redlining, or isolation. Data sources registries, claims, institutional linked area-level metrics from US census historical mortgage data. Segregation associated with worse survival. Nine location specific, segregation measures developed Black, Hispanic, White residents. Conclusions range are available provide a set recommendations best practices modelers consider when models.

Language: Английский

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Using simulation modeling to guide policy to reduce disparities and achieve equity in cancer outcomes: state of the science and a road map for the future

JNCI Monographs, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023(62), P. 159 - 166

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Population simulation modeling of disparities in US breast cancer mortality

JNCI Monographs, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023(62), P. 178 - 187

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Abstract Background Populations of African American or Black women have persistently higher breast cancer mortality than the overall US population, despite having slightly lower age-adjusted incidence. Methods Three Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network simulation teams modeled disparities between female populations population. Model inputs used racial group–specific data from clinical trials, national registries, nationally representative surveys, observational studies. Analyses began with in population sequentially replaced parameters for to quantify percentage morality attributable differences demographics, incidence, access screening treatment, variation tumor biology response therapy. Results were similar across 3 models. In 2019, incidence competing accounted a net ‒1% disparities, while subtype stage distributions mean 20% (range models = 13%-24%), 3% 3%-4%) disparities. Treatment majority disparities: 17% 16%-19%) treatment initiation 61% 57%-63%) real-world effectiveness. Conclusion Our model results suggest that changes policies target improvements could increase equity. The findings also highlight efforts must extend beyond targeting equity include high-quality completion. This research will facilitate future modeling test effects different specific policy on

Language: Английский

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Pain Management in Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Literature Review

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2024

Managing pain in cancer patients with multiple myeloma (MM) poses a considerable challenge. This review thoroughly investigates current management strategies, difficulties, and future directions the field. The divides treatment strategies into pharmaceutical non-pharmacological therapies. Looking ahead, promising areas for study development are mentioned, such as incorporating precision medicine investigating innovative therapeutics. Despite existing limitations, advances provide great opportunities to improve quality of life overall results MM patients.

Language: Английский

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Commentary: Some water in the data desert: the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network’s capacity to guide mitigation of cancer health disparities

JNCI Monographs, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023(62), P. 167 - 172

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

Despite significant progress in cancer research and treatment, a persistent knowledge gap exists understanding addressing care disparities, particularly among populations that are marginalized. This deficit has led to "data divide," where certain groups lack adequate representation cancer-related data, hindering their access personalized data-driven care. divide disproportionately affects marginalized minoritized communities such as the U.S. Black population. We explore concept of deserts," wherein entire populations, often based on race, ethnicity, gender, disability, or geography, comprehensive high-quality health data. Several factors contribute data deserts, including underrepresentation clinical trials, poor quality, limited digital technologies, rural lower-socioeconomic communities.The consequences divides deserts far-reaching, impeding equitable precision medicine perpetuating disparities. To bridge this divide, we highlight role Cancer Intervention Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET), which employs population simulation modeling quantify emphasize importance collecting quality from various sources improve model accuracy. CISNET's collaborative approach, utilizing multiple independent models, offers consistent results identifies gaps knowledge. It demonstrates impact systemic racism incidence mortality, paving way for evidence-based policies interventions eliminate suggest potential use voting districts/precincts unit aggregation future CISNET modeling, enabling targeted informed policy decisions.

Language: Английский

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Cross-sectional patterns and longitudinal transitions of unflavored and flavored cigar use without and with cigarettes among United States adults

Preventive Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 185, P. 108027 - 108027

Published: June 4, 2024

Over half of US adults who smoke cigars use flavored cigars, illustrating their broad appeal; however, long-term impact on cigar and cigarette is unknown.

Language: Английский

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Analysis of Lung Cancer Incidence in Non-Hispanic Black and White Americans using a Multistage Carcinogenesis Model

Cancer Causes & Control, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 19, 2024

Abstract Purpose There are complex and paradoxical patterns in lung cancer incidence by race/ethnicity gender; compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) males, Black (NHB) males smoke fewer cigarettes per day less frequently but have higher rates. Similarly, NHB females likely comparable rates NHW females. We use a multistage carcinogenesis model study the impact of smoking on individuals Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC). Methods The effects tumor initiation, promotion, malignant conversion, versus adults MEC were analyzed using Two-Stage Clonal Expansion (TSCE) model. Maximum likelihood methods used estimate parameters assess differences race/ethnicity, gender, history. Results Smoking increased promotion conversion did not affect initiation. Non-smoking-related smoking-related differed gender. initiation than individuals, whereas was lower individuals. Conclusion Findings suggest that while plays an important role risk, background risk dependent also significant under-recognized explaining differences. Ultimately, resulting TSCE will inform race/ethnicity-specific natural history models preventive interventions US outcomes disparities race/ethnicity.

Language: Английский

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