Unveiling the resistance of native weed communities: insights for managing invasive weed species in disturbed environments

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(3), P. 753 - 777

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

ABSTRACT Weed communities influence the dynamics of ecosystems, particularly in disturbed environments where anthropogenic activities often result higher pollution. Understanding existing between native weed and invasive species is crucial for effective management normal ecosystem functioning. Recognising potential resistance to invasion can help identify suitable plants restoration operations. This review aims investigate adaptations exhibited by non‐native weeds that may affect invasions within environments. Factors such as ecological characteristics, altered soil conditions, potentially confer a competitive advantage relative or are analysed. Moreover, roles biotic interactions competition, mutualistic relationships, allelopathy shaping described. Emphasis given consideration key factor provides insights conservation efforts Additionally, this underscores need further research unravel underlying mechanisms devise targeted strategies. These strategies aim promote mitigate negative effects By delving deeper into these insights, we gain an understanding ecosystems develop valuable species, restore long‐term sustainability.

Language: Английский

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Early bird catches the worm: germination as a critical step in plant invasion

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 1055 - 1080

Published: Dec. 17, 2016

Abstract The germination behavior of a plant influences its fitness, persistence, and evolutionary potential, as well biotic environment. This can have major effects on the invasive potential species. We review findings four types experimental studies comparing basic characteristics versus non-invasive congeners, in their non-native or native distribution range; alien species; species range. Early and/or rapid is typical rather than represents pre-adaptation from which many naturalized benefit. It also occurs more often species, suggesting that competition mitigation avoidance early stages plant’s life, via exploitation vacant niches, might be useful superior competitive ability novel environments. further supported by tendency to germinate earlier faster broader cues requirements being reported for congeners. In contrast, high percentage not consistent predictor invasiveness, incorporation larger fraction seed production into soil bank better (or safer) strategy These patterns indicate differences contribute invasiveness although evidence under natural conditions needed. role such establishment spread environments long-term impact community dynamics requires study.

Language: Английский

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Timing Is Important: Unmanned Aircraft vs. Satellite Imagery in Plant Invasion Monitoring

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: May 31, 2017

The rapid spread of invasive plants makes their management increasingly difficult. Remote sensing offers a means fast and efficient monitoring, but still the optimal methodologies remain to be defined. seasonal dynamics spectral characteristics target species are important, since, at certain time vegetation season (e.g. flowering or senescing), often more distinct (or visible beneath canopy). Our aim was establish fast, repeatable cost-efficient, computer-assisted method applicable over larger areas, reduce costs extensive field campaigns. To achieve this goal, we examined how timing monitoring affects detection noxious plant invaders in Central Europe, using two model herbaceous with markedly different phenological, structural characteristics. They giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum), very phase, less knotweeds (Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis hybrid ×bohemica). variety data generated, such as imagery from purposely-designed, unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV) VHR satellite, aerial colour orthophotos enabled us assess effects spectral, spatial temporal resolution (i.e., species' phenological state) for successful recognition. demands both depended largely on species. In case that sampled most high accuracy achieved even lower our low-cost UAV. This demonstrates proper can some extent compensate resolution. results study could serve basis identifying priorities management, targeted localities greatest risk and, once eradicated, monitor any return. best mapping strategy should reflect morphological features choose appropriate spatial, UAV enables flexible acquisition required periods low cost is, therefore, well suited monitoring; while satellite provides solution areas. Nonetheless, users must aware limits.

Language: Английский

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A recruitment niche framework for improving seed‐based restoration

Restoration Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(7)

Published: July 12, 2023

As larger tracts of land experience degradation, seed‐based restoration (SBR) will be a primary tool to reestablish vegetation and ecosystem function. SBR has advanced in terms technical technological approaches, yet plant recruitment remains major barrier some systems, notably drylands. There is an unmet opportunity test science‐based approaches seed mix design application, based not only on diversity or local provenance, but the unique strategies species. We lay out framework that uses quantitative representation species' niches match them targeted goals (e.g. drought invasion resistance) methods precision tools technologies) SBR. first describe how quantify niche with seedling traits tied observed responses environmental factors. then show quantified can serve as foundation address three challenges: (1) designing forward‐looking mixes increase resilience future climate disturbance, (2) accounting for natural recovery planning, (3) applying seeding practices maximize success. Finally, we demonstrate these ideas existing data discuss key challenges adoption practice. While this are ecological theory, they require substantial testing refinement by scientists engaged efforts. If integrated into research agendas, believe it potential unify advance diverse elements ecology improve outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Plastic particles and their additives promote plant invasion through physicochemical mechanisms on seed germination

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Abstract Plant invasions pose a major threat to terrestrial biodiversity, and microplastic pollution in soil could exacerbate this problem. Seed germination, crucial stage for plants, can be affected by microplastics through both physical interference of plastic particles chemical leaching from additives. We conducted greenhouse experiment using native invasive plant species European grasslands, evaluated individual combined effects additives on germination parameters. found that primarily seed as agents, while these exerted comparatively lesser impact. Particles negatively all species. Germination velocity, synchrony total decreased ~30%, ~11% ~11%, respectively, soils containing compared those without. Certain were For Achillea millefolium Dactylis glomerata , velocity ~26% ~7%, ~21% with than without them. Plastic may have blocked pores inhibited hypocotyl radicle growth, toxic compounds disrupted key processes. By contrast, generally did not affect species, suggesting the negative experienced natives, whether or chemical, counteracted resulting novel conditions created microplastics, which include amelioration properties such increased porosity aeration, potential positive plant–soil feedbacks. Invasive profit windows variable resource availability, germination. Synthesis . promote invasion affecting having neutral The delayed natives due poses threat, leading competitive disadvantages, reduced reproductive success vulnerability Microplastic appears favour over during early stages highlighting effect ecosystems more severe previously thought.

Language: Английский

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The Worldwide Spread, Success, and Impact of Ragweed (Ambrosiaspp.)

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 36(3), P. 139 - 178

Published: May 4, 2017

The Ambrosia species represent one of the most problematic groups invasive weeds around world. ease with which they are introduced and spread in new countries, their generalist ecological requirements, functional traits facilitate invasion subsequent naturalization areas. All these aspects contribute to increasing global social economic impact, is mostly related pollen allergy. Here we analyze available scientific publications about artemisiifolia, A. psilostachya, tenuifolia, trifida, aim defining current level knowledge summarizing important data that currently scattered throughout literature. Specifically, analyzed following: (1) distribution stage invasion; (2) requirements promoting introduction, reproductive success, adaptation climate environment nonnative range; as well (3) allergens elements impact.

Language: Английский

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Persistent soil seed banks promote naturalisation and invasiveness in flowering plants

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 1655 - 1667

Published: May 24, 2021

Abstract With globalisation facilitating the movement of plants and seeds beyond native range, preventing potentially harmful introductions requires knowledge what drives successful establishment spread alien plants. Here, we examined global‐scale relationships between naturalisation success (incidence extent) invasiveness, soil seed bank properties (type densities) key species traits (seed mass, dormancy life form) for 2350 angiosperms. Naturalisation invasiveness were strongly associated with ability to form persistent (vs. transient) banks but relatively weakly densities other traits. Our findings suggest that persistence is a trait better captures become naturalised invasive compared more widely available in databases. Knowledge can contribute our predict global identify flowering before they are introduced.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Silica Nanoparticles in Promoting the Germination of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Seeds

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(14), P. 2110 - 2110

Published: July 19, 2023

The addition of nanoparticles has been reported to be an effective strategy for enhancing seed germination, but the underlying mechanisms whereby this occurs are unclear. In present study, we added silica (SiNPs) aqueous growth medium in which tomato seeds were germinated. We examined effects SiNPs on and possible action. had a diameter 10–17 nm 110–120 nm. shortened mean germination time from 5.24 ± 0.29 days 4.64 days. Seedling vigor, measured by criteria including length weight, was also improved compared control condition. presence seedlings assessed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. may have promoted water imbibition or altering external microenvironment. Scanning electron microscopy revealed changes coat during many only observed nanoparticles. Soil bacteria affect germination; specifically, Bacillus sp. promote germination. number changed with control. This suggested that these could interact

Language: Английский

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Native species can reduce the establishment of invasive alien species if sown in high density and using competitive species

Restoration Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(5)

Published: March 16, 2023

Invasion of alien species is one the main drivers land degradation threatening both natural and managed ecosystems. Ecological restoration crucial in controlling invasion to improve biotic resistance avoid further degradation. We investigated possibility establishment invasive (IAS) by native seed addition. tested if trait similarity or increased propagule pressure results suppression IAS at early stage development. set up a sowing experiment with three widespread Hungary different life forms functional groups ( Asclepias syriaca , Conyza canadensis Tragus racemosus ) four Pannonic sand grassland Festuca vaginata Galium verum Gypsophila paniculata Saponaria officinalis ). found no significant differences germination ability seedling emergence between IAS, despite thousand‐seed weight. Using univariate general linear models, we that can be reduced adding high densities but also depending on identity. Instead similar traits, seeding competitor perennial grass grasslands F. all studied most. Our confirm effectively controlled addition stage, especially applying higher competitive species. conclude invasion‐resistant achieved combination several factors, including high‐density match

Language: Английский

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Understanding plant drought resistance in a Mediterranean coastal sand dune ecosystem: differences between native and exotic invasive species

Journal of Plant Ecology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 26 - 38

Published: March 28, 2017

Mediterranean coastal dunes are habitats of great conservation interest, with a distinctive and rich flora. In the last century, Acacia spp., native from Australia, have been introduced in Portugal, objective stabilizing sand dunes, since become dominant numerous dune habitats. This invasion process led to reduction plant species richness, changed soil characteristics modified habitat's microclimatic characteristics. The aim this research was typify compare, ecosystems, ecophysiological responses drought Helichrysum italicum Corema album, two species, longifolia, an exotic invasive species. We addressed following specific objectives: (i) compare water relations use efficiencies, (ii) evaluate stress, (iii) assess strategies sources used by plants (iv) morphological adaptations at leaf phyllode level. order obtain integrative view patterns, performance measuring methods applied: predawn (ψPD) midday (ψMD) potential, chlorophyll fluorescence, oxygen isotopic composition xylem, rain groundwater (δ18O) carbon discrimination (Δ13C). three as well histochemistry non-glandular trichome cell walls, were also studied identify morpho-traits related resistance. results support our initial hypothesis: although A. longifolia clearly possesses degree resistance such ability is provided different strategy, when compared Natives relied on restrict loss, whereas adjusted uptake way balance their limited restricting loss. corroborate that woody conservative water-saving strategy minor seasonal variations relative enriched during periods, indicating root systems comparing present morpho-functional limiting Comparing physiological can offer causal explanations for success alien invasions ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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