Soil–plant–gall relationships: from gall development to ecological patterns

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(6), P. 1948 - 1975

Published: June 18, 2024

ABSTRACT The adaptive nature of the galler habit has been tentatively explained by nutrition, microenvironment, and enemy hypotheses. Soil attributes have direct relationships with these three hypotheses at cellular macroecological scales, but their influence restricted previously to effects on nutritional status host plant gall richness abundance. Herein, we discuss ionome patterns within tissues significance for development, physiology, structure, nutrition gallers. Previous ecological chemical quantification focused extensively nitrogen carbon contents, evoking carbon‐nutrient defence hypothesis as an explanation establishing plant–gall interaction. Different elements are involved in cell wall composition dynamics, antioxidant activity, regulation water dynamics. An overview different soil–plant–gall highlights complexity requirements gallers, which strongly influenced environmental soil traits. profiles interact determine outcome plant–herbivore interactions need be addressed considering not only features also plant's physiological quantitative qualitative results iron metabolism tissues, well roles essential element physiology reproduction gallers suggest that it may represent a key resource, aligning hypothesis, providing integrative higher diversity iron‐rich soils.

Language: Английский

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Nitrogen‐mediated volatilisation of defensive metabolites in tomato confers resistance to herbivores

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(8), P. 3227 - 3240

Published: May 13, 2024

Abstract Plants synthesise a vast array of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which serve as chemical defence and communication agents in their interactions with insect herbivores. Although nitrogen (N) is critical resource the production plant metabolites, its regulatory effects on defensive VOCs remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated effect N content tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura ), notorious agricultural pest, using biochemical molecular experiments combination behavioural performance analyses. We observed that leaves different contents, S. showed distinct feeding preference growth developmental performance. Particularly, metabolomics profiling revealed limited availability conferred resistance upon plants to likely associated biosynthesis emission metabolite α‐humulene repellent. Moreover, exogenous application elicited significant repellent response against Thus, our findings unravel key factors involved N‐mediated herbivores pave way for innovation management improve responses facilitate pest control strategies within agroecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Leaf nutrient traits of planted forests demonstrate a heightened sensitivity to environmental changes compared to natural forests

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 18, 2024

Leaf nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus) and their stoichiometric ratio (N/P) as key functional traits can reflect plant survival strategies predict ecosystem productivity responses to environmental changes. Previous research on leaf has primarily focused the species level with limited spatial scale, making it challenging quantify variability influencing factors of forest a macro scale. This study, based field surveys literature collected from 2005 2020 384 planted forests 541 natural in China, investigates differences between types (planted forests, forests) driving factors. Results show that (leaf nitrogen (LN), phosphorus (LP), N/P ratio) are significantly higher than those (P< 0.05). The impact climatic soil is greater forests. With increasing age, increase content, significant decrease Climatic dominating traits. They not only directly affect communities but also indirectly through regulation nutrients stand factors, direct effects being more indirect effects.

Language: Английский

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Soil Nitrogen Supply Exerts Largest Influence on Leaf Nitrogen in Environments with the Greatest Leaf Nitrogen Demand

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Accurately representing the relationships between nitrogen supply and photosynthesis is crucial for reliably predicting carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling in Earth System Models (ESMs). Most ESMs assume positive correlations amongst soil supply, leaf content, photosynthetic capacity. However, demand may influence response to supply; thus, responses are expected be largest environments where greatest. Using a nutrient addition experiment replicated across 26 sites spanning four continents, we demonstrated that climate variables were stronger predictors of content than supply. Leaf increased more strongly with regions highest theoretical demand, increasing colder drier warmer wetter environments. Thus, primarily influenced by climatic gradients an insight could improve ESM predictions.

Language: Английский

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Nitrogen addition alters nutrient allocation and functional traits of early spring herbaceous plants in a temperate forest

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 580, P. 122544 - 122544

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Global Photosynthesis Acclimates to Rising Temperatures Through Predictable Changes in Photosynthetic Capacities, Enzyme Kinetics, and Stomatal Sensitivity

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract Thermal acclimation of photosynthesis, the physiological adjustment to temperature over weeks, may help plants mitigate adverse impacts global warming, but is often under‐represented in Earth System Models (ESMs). We evaluated a plant functional type (PFT)‐agnostic, optimality‐based model photosynthesis with data set leaf gas exchange measurements. investigated how three key traits vary along gradient growing‐season temperatures : optimal , net rate at and width response curve . analyzed each trait influenced by processes: photosynthetic capacities (carboxylation, electron transport, respiration), their enzymatic responses, stomatal sensitivity vapor pressure deficit. The inclusion all processes was essential for reproducing observed patterns: linear increase no correlations Acclimation responses crucial accurately predicting necessary avoid bias that can arise when relying on static, PFT‐specific parameters. Comparing without any showed thermal buffers warming substantially, leading smaller increases cold climates (+2% instead +18%) declines warm (−4% −22%). Our observations‐constrained predictions suggest an important role ESM, partly mitigating effects climate.

Language: Английский

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Impact of cropland use transformation on ecosystem carbon sinks in a typical agroforestry mixed region: An analysis from explicit and implicit perspectives

Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 115, P. 107979 - 107979

Published: May 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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Does the Amount of Pre-Sowing Nitrogen Fertilization Affect Sugar Beet Root Yield and Quality of Different Genotypes?

Nitrogen, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 386 - 408

Published: May 8, 2024

There has always been a specific focus on nitrogen fertilization in sugar beet production due to its important effect root yield and quality. For stable growth satisfactory quality, balanced N is crucial. Thus, this study aimed investigate spring two seasons as the following treatments: N0—control, N1—only pre-sowing fertilization, N2—pre-sowing with topdressing. Four different genotypes were included (Serenada, Colonia, Fred, Danton). The experiment was set up plain area, belonging temperate climate zone Eastern Croatia (Županja Vrbanja), long-term mean (LTM) (March–October) air temperature around 16 °C total precipitation of 515 mm. Pre-sowing had smaller impact year higher (31% than LTM). Therefore, average yields (N1) top dressing (N2) very similar only 7% those control. In season less rainfall (29% LTM), more pronounced increase yield, which 17% compared that control treatment. sucrose content quality parameters (brei impurities, loss molasses, extractable sugar) differed when applied among locations both seasons. white highest at N2 treatment topdressing fertilization. general, according all years research, Serenada hybrid achieved (81.1 t ha−1), while Colonia exhibited (14.5%) (9.7 ha−1).

Language: Английский

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Opportunities to improve our understanding of the impact of photosynthetic acclimation on terrestrial ecosystem processes under global change

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 111(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Carbon assimilated through photosynthesis provides the foundation for ecosystem productivity and functioning. At global scale, is largest carbon flux between atmosphere Earth's surface 10 times greater than emissions from fossil fuel land-use combined (Friedlingstein et al., 2023). Photosynthesis a dynamic process that influenced by current projected future changes. Thus, understanding how will respond to these changes critical predicting services provided terrestrial ecosystems. The short-term (i.e., seconds minutes) response of environmental change generally well understood, long-established theoretical models (e.g., Farquhar 1980) can predict responses. However, responses as result longer-term days weeks) exposure new conditions called acclimation. Seminal papers have reviewed photosynthetic acclimation light (Boardman, 1977), temperature (Berry Bjorkman, 1980), atmospheric dioxide (CO2) concentration (Bazzaz, 1990), more recent reviews syntheses expanded our topic Smith Dukes, 2013; Niinemets 2015; Dusenge 2019). Modeling studies shown processes related outsized impacts on simulations cycling Booth 2012). Despite being well-known, predictive relied statistical representations only few aspects (Smith 2013), with comprehensive recently developed Stocker 2020). Nonetheless, limitations due lack mechanistic in key areas impede development. Here, I discuss two questions highlight opportunities address limitations. All must prescribe timescale which any acclimates. while ubiquitous, not known 2013). Previous studies, using differing approaches, suggested occurs over weeks (Veres Williams, 1984; Mengoli 2022). other suggest may take longer, indicated faster leaves an individual plant under those previously transferred (Campbell 2007). Additionally, make assumption about plants acclimate Plants experience variability across many different scales, including diurnal, seasonal, interannual variation. it unclear what aspect(s) this traits acclimate, designed answer question are rare. component likely dependent on, among things, specific involved acclimating. Some others. For instance, biochemical recycling proteins occur involve anatomical example, show increase availability (Poorter 2019), but upregulation ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) quickly leaf morphology resource requirement and, thus, time required obtain resources. acclimating also influence speed. Specifically, requires acquisition or reallocation additional resources "upregulation") longer reduces demand "downregulation"). Again, example high be expected slower low former tends require needs ("up-regulation"), latter reduction ("down-regulation") satisfy relatively diurnally seasonally), such temperature, variation maximum, minimum, mean) acclimates unknown. places, umbrella-shaped diurnal pattern peak during middle day. If its biochemistry average daytime conditions, optimal at points before after peak. if midday some (Mengoli 2022), then single point Experiments needed examine and/or rate because factors large influences model predictions rapidly changing world (Figure 1). experiments difficult design, given alongside developmental ontogenetic A combination manipulative experimental Veres 1984) modeling 2022) beneficial addressing one approach. It important consider cost benefits Figure 1, both impact benefit assimilation) use support acclimation) Acclimation involves physiological cost. Examining costs relation gained might provide path toward better prediction. Most tended focus aboveground 1977; Berry 1980; Bazzaz, 1990; intuitive organs exist above soil surface. In simplified terms, acclimate. necessary perform photosynthesis, namely water nutrients, 2014; Liang 2020), indicating role supply. represent supply relationships 2014), theory development still lags behind. Least-cost optimization framework interplay 2). Briefly, suggests nutrients substituted photosynthesis. That is, when scarcer nutrient higher water-use efficiency lower nutrient-use efficiency. reverse true limitation increases relative (Wright 2003). 2 shows least-cost trait (reflected acquire versus water) (that vapor pressure deficit). has been translated into mathematical formulation (Prentice analyses understand belowground drivers lacking (but see Waring Photosynthetic theories used where able meet traits. deviation optimality indicate instances demand. Targeted elucidate dynamics play out individuals communities. assimilation driver heavily ecosystems provide. space time. While studied, uncertainties remain multiple approaches observations, experiments, development, simulations) reconcile. Among temporal nature does long take?) acclimation?). There need species-specificity characterize their influencing community appropriate across-species generalizations facilitate incorporation regional scale models. botanical, ecological, biogeochemical, Earth system communities work together close gaps. thank members PHysiology Understanding Functioning Ecosystems Texas Tech University (PHUFETTy) lab helpful discussions topics. anonymous reviewers comments earlier version manuscript. This was supported awards U.S. National Science Foundation (DEB-2045968 DEB-2217353) LEMONTREE project, funded generosity Eric Wendy Schmidt recommendation Futures. code create figures manuscript found https://github.com/SmithEcophysLab/otnot_2024 (doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10607779).

Language: Английский

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An Elevated CO2 Concentration Improves the Photosynthetic Efficiency and Grain Yield of Rice Plants but Concurrently Increases the Nitrogen Fertilizer

Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 3377 - 3388

Published: April 10, 2024

Language: Английский

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