Insights into the genomic evolution of insects from cricket genomes DOI Creative Commons
Guillem Ylla, Taro Nakamura, Takehiko Itoh

et al.

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: June 14, 2021

Most of our knowledge insect genomes comes from Holometabolous species, which undergo complete metamorphosis and have typically under 2 Gb with little signs DNA methylation. In contrast, Hemimetabolous insects the presumed ancestral process incomplete metamorphosis, larger high levels species Orthopteran order (grasshoppers crickets) some largest known genomes. What drives evolution these unusual genome sizes, remains unknown. Here we report sequencing, assembly annotation 1.66-Gb Mediterranean field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, 1.60-Gb Hawaiian Laupala kohalensis. We compare two those 14 additional find evidence that hemimetabolous expanded due to transposable element activity. Based on ratio observed expected CpG sites, higher conservation stronger purifying selection methylated genes than non-methylated genes. Finally, analysis suggests an expansion pickpocket class V gene family in crickets, speculate might play a role courtship, including their characteristic chirping.

Language: Английский

The DNA methyltransferase family: a versatile toolkit for epigenetic regulation DOI
Frank Lyko

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 81 - 92

Published: Oct. 16, 2017

Language: Английский

Citations

1182
Hemimetabolous genomes reveal molecular basis of termite eusociality DOI Creative Commons
Mark C. Harrison, Evelien Jongepier, Hugh M. Robertson

et al.

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 557 - 566

Published: Feb. 2, 2018

Abstract Around 150 million years ago, eusocial termites evolved from within the cockroaches, 50 before Hymenoptera, such as bees and ants, appeared. Here, we report 2-Gb genome of German cockroach, Blattella germanica , 1.3-Gb drywood termite Cryptotermes secundus . We show evolutionary signatures eusociality by comparing genomes transcriptomes three cockroach against background 16 other non-eusocial insects. Dramatic adaptive changes in genes underlying production perception pheromones confirm importance chemical communication termites. These are accompanied major gene regulation molecular evolution caste determination. Many these results parallel mechanisms Hymenoptera. However, specific solutions remarkably different, thus revealing a striking case convergence one transitions biological complexity.

Language: Английский

Citations

255
Gene content evolution in the arthropods DOI Creative Commons
Gregg W.C. Thomas, Elias Dohmen, Daniel Hughes

et al.

Genome biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2020

Abstract Background Arthropods comprise the largest and most diverse phylum on Earth play vital roles in nearly every ecosystem. Their diversity stems part from variations a conserved body plan, resulting recorded adaptive changes genome. Dissection of genomic record sequence change enables broad questions regarding genome evolution to be addressed, even across hyper-diverse taxa within arthropods. Results Using 76 whole sequences representing 21 orders spanning more than 500 million years arthropod evolution, we document gene protein domain content provide temporal phylogenetic context for interpreting these innovations. We identify many novel families that arose early arthropods during diversification insects into modern orders. reveal unexpected variation patterns DNA methylation examples family coincident with appearance notable phenotypic physiological adaptations such as flight, metamorphosis, sociality, chemoperception. Conclusions These analyses demonstrate how large-scale comparative genomics can new insights genotype phenotype map generate testable hypotheses about animal diversity.

Language: Английский

Citations

209
DNA Methylation: Shared and Divergent Features across Eukaryotes DOI
Robert J. Schmitz, Zachary Lewis, Mary Goll

et al.

Trends in Genetics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 35(11), P. 818 - 827

Published: Aug. 6, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

202
RNA-based technologies for insect control in plant production DOI Creative Commons
Shaoshuai Liu,

Maëlle Jaouannet,

D’Maris Amick Dempsey

et al.

Biotechnology Advances, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 39, P. 107463 - 107463

Published: Nov. 2, 2019

RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which small (sRNA) molecules sequence-specifically silence gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level, either by directing inhibitory chromatin modifications decreasing stability translation potential of targeted mRNA. The trigger for silencing double-stranded (dsRNA) generated from an endogenous genomic locus foreign source, such as transgene virus. can be exploited agriculture to control plant diseases and pests. Of pests that impact crop yield (including nematodes, arthropods, rodents, snails, slugs birds), insects constitute largest most diverse group. Here, we review "pros" "cons" using RNAi technology mediated dsRNA-expressing transgenic plants (host-induced silencing, HIGS) direct application chemically synthesized dsRNA plant-damaging insects. Rapid progress elucidating mechanisms has led first commercial products on market. Given high strategies, their use agriculture, horticulture, forestry will likely extensive future. However, further studies are needed improve efficacy RNAi-based protection strategies assess associated safety risks.

Language: Английский

Citations

193
Complete metamorphosis of insects DOI Open Access
Jens Rolff, Paul R. Johnston, Stuart E. Reynolds

et al.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 374(1783), P. 20190063 - 20190063

Published: Aug. 23, 2019

The majority of described hexapod species are holometabolous insects, undergoing an extreme form metamorphosis with intercalated pupal stage between the larva and adult, in which organs tissues extensively remodelled some cases completely rebuilt. Here, we review how why this developmental strategy has evolved. While there many theories explaining evolution metamorphosis, fit under hypothesis decoupling life stages, few clear adaptive hypotheses on complete We propose that main benefit is growth differentiation. This facilitates exploitation ephemeral resources enhances probability metamorphic transition escaping size thresholds. comes at cost exposure to predators, parasites pathogens during requires specific adaptations immune system time. Moreover, poses a challenge for maintenance symbionts gut microbiota, although it may also offer allowing extensive change microbiota larval adult stages. regulation by two players, ecdysone juvenile hormone, related signalling cascades now relatively well understood. mechanics have recently been studied detail because advent micro-CT research into role cell death remodelling organs. support argument must necessarily preceded insect. do not resolve still contentious question whether insects general originated through modification existing preadult forms or heterochrony as modified embryonic (pronymph), nor pupa arose hemimetabolous final larva. article part theme issue 'The metamorphosis'.

Language: Английский

Citations

178
HMCES Maintains Genome Integrity by Shielding Abasic Sites in Single-Strand DNA DOI Creative Commons
Kareem N. Mohni,

Sarah R. Wessel,

Runxiang Zhao

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 176(1-2), P. 144 - 153.e13

Published: Dec. 13, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

172
Latest techniques to study DNA methylation DOI Creative Commons
Quentin Gouil, Andrew Keniry

Essays in Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 63(6), P. 639 - 648

Published: Nov. 22, 2019

Abstract Bisulfite sequencing is a powerful technique to detect 5-methylcytosine in DNA that has immensely contributed our understanding of epigenetic regulation plants and animals. Meanwhile, research on other base modifications, including 6-methyladenine 4-methylcytosine are frequent prokaryotes, been impeded by the lack comparable technique. also suffers from number drawbacks difficult surmount, among which degradation, specificity, or short reads with low sequence diversity. In this review, we explore recent refinements bisulfite protocols enable targeting genomic regions interest, detecting derivatives 5-methylcytosine, mapping single-cell methylomes. We then present unique advantage long-read modifications native highlight respective strengths weaknesses PacBio Nanopore for application. Although analysing data platforms remains challenging, ability various modified bases universal sample preparation, addition phasing advantages longer read lengths, provide decisive edge over short-read an expanding applications across kingdoms.

Language: Английский

Citations

154
The genetics and epigenetics of animal migration and orientation: birds, butterflies and beyond DOI Open Access
Christine Merlin, Miriam Liedvogel

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 222(Suppl_1)

Published: Feb. 6, 2019

ABSTRACT Migration is a complex behavioural adaptation for survival that has evolved across the animal kingdom from invertebrates to mammals. In some taxa, closely related migratory species, or even populations of same exhibit different phenotypes, including timing and orientation migration. these significant proportion phenotypic variance in traits genetic. others, phenotype direction triggered by seasonal changes environment, suggesting an epigenetic control their The genes underpinning behaviour remain largely unknown. revolution (epi)genomics functional genomic tools holds great promise rapidly move field migration genetics forward. Here, we review our current understanding genetic architecture traits, focusing on two emerging models: European blackcap North American monarch butterfly. We also outline vision how technical advances integrative approaches could be employed identify functionally validate candidate cis-regulatory elements other species both small broad phylogenetic scales significantly advance

Language: Английский

Citations

149
DsRNA-based pesticides: Considerations for efficiency and risk assessment DOI Creative Commons
Athanasios Dalakouras, Venetia Koidou, Kalliope Κ. Papadopoulou

et al.

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 352, P. 141530 - 141530

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

In view of the ongoing climate change and ever-growing world population, novel agricultural solutions are required to ensure sustainable food supply. Microbials, natural substances, semiochemicals double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) all considered potential low risk pesticides. DsRNAs function at molecular level, targeting specific regions genes organisms, provided that they share a minimal sequence complementarity approximately 20 nucleotides. Thus, dsRNAs may offer great alternative conventional chemicals in environmentally friendly pest control strategies. Any low-risk pesticide needs be efficient exhibit toxicological environmental persistence. Having said that, current review, mode dsRNA action is explored parameters need taken into consideration for development dsRNA-based pesticides highlighted. Moreover, since differs from those synthetic pesticides, custom-made assessment schemes thus, critical issues related discussed here.

Language: Английский

Citations

28