A Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Effector with DPBB Domain Suppresses Wheat Defense

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 435 - 435

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a primary crop globally. Among the numerous pathogens affecting wheat production, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) significant biotic stress agent and poses major threat to world food security by causing stripe rust or yellow disease. Understanding molecular basis of plant–pathogen interactions crucial for developing new means disease management. It well established that effector proteins play pivotal role in pathogenesis. Therefore, studying has become an important area research plant biology. Our previous work identified differentially expressed candidate secretory based on transcriptome sequencing data from susceptible (Avocet S) resistant YR10) infected with Pst. secreted proteins, PSTG_14090 contained ancient double-psi beta-barrel (DPBB) fold, which conserved rare lipoprotein A (RlpA) superfamily. This study investigated immune responses, encodes protein, here referred as Pst-DPBB, having 131 amino acids predicted signal peptide (SP) 19 at N-terminal end, DNA sequence this highly among different races. qRT-PCR analysis indicated expression levels are upregulated during early stages infection. Subcellular localization studies Nicotiana benthamiana leaves protoplasts revealed it distributed cytoplasm, nucleus, apoplast. We demonstrated Pst-DPBB negatively regulates response functioning various compartments cells. Based Co-IP structural predictions putative interaction analyses AlphaFold 3, we propose probable biological function(s). behaves papain inhibitor cysteine protease; high homology kiwellin, known interact chorismate mutase, suggesting inhibits native function host mutase involved salicylic acid synthesis. The DPBB fold also RNA, may suggest its possible regulating gene expression.

Language: Английский

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In Silico Analysis and Transcriptional Profiling of A Putative Metalloprotease ADAMTSL as A Potential Tick Antigen against Rhipicephalus microplus

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 190 - 190

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, is the most significant ectoparasite in industry. application of acaricides constitutes main control method. However, inadequate treatments have serious drawbacks, including appearance multi-resistant ticks. Tick vaccines offer a safe and economically sustainable alternative for controlling R. microplus. Nevertheless, efficacy existing has been limited by polymorphisms target antigens among strains from different geographical regions. In this study, we characterized putative Metalloprotease ADAMTSL family. We analyzed three regions to evaluate their transcriptional profiling microplus tick tissues, using two constitutive genes (β-tubulin Elfa-1) as references. expression levels showed that ADAMTSL-R1 was upregulated 39.37-fold (p ≤ 0.05) salivary glands. ADAMTSL-R2 highest expression, rising 7.69-fold ovaries up 59.39-fold egg mass. Furthermore, region level conservation isolates. ADAMTSL-R3 only results study provide basis future research focused on elucidating role these protein variants biology, feeding mechanisms potential implications pathogen transmission. Understanding factors may aid developing an effective vaccine.

Language: Английский

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A Syntenic Pangenome forGardnerellaReveals Taxonomic Boundaries and Stratification of Metabolic and Virulence Potential across Species

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Abstract Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a prevalent condition associated with an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota, often involving species of Gardnerella . The taxonomic complexity and inconsistent nomenclature have impeded progress understanding role specific health disease. In this study, we conducted comprehensive genomic pangenomic analysis to resolve ambiguities elucidate metabolic virulence potential across species. We obtained complete, closed genomes for 42 isolates from women BV curated publicly available genome sequences (n = 291). Average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis, digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), cpn60 gene identified nine eleven subspecies within , which refined boundaries proposed updated nomenclature. Pangenome revealed species-specific clusters linked pathways, factors, niche adaptations, distinguishing specialized mucin degradation environment those potentially adapted urinary tract colonization. Notably, lineage-specific evolutionary divergence biofilm formation, carbohydrate metabolism, antimicrobial resistance. further discovered first cryptic plasmids naturally present genus. Our findings provide unified framework taxonomy nomenclature, enhance our functional capabilities, implications research, diagnostics, targeted therapeutics BV.

Language: Английский

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Computational mining and redesign of superoxide dismutase with activity-thermostability improvement

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 141871 - 141871

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Discovery, functional characterization, and structural studies of the NRPS-independent siderophore synthetases

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 25

Published: March 14, 2025

To adapt to low-iron environments, many bacteria produce siderophores, low molecular weight iron chelators that are secreted into the environment where they bind ferric iron. The production of siderophore uptake systems then allows retrieval iron-complexed cell, metal ion can be used for structural and catalytic roles in proteins. While siderophores produced by activity a family large modular nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) enzymes, second class an alternate pathway. These so-called NRPS-independent (NIS) biosynthesized through shared step is performed NIS synthetase. enzymes catalyze formation amide linkage between carboxylate amine or, more rarely, form ester with hydroxyl substrate. Here we describe discovery biochemical studies diverse synthetases from different pathways provide insight their substrate specificity mechanism. structures small number members additionally described correlates functional work enzyme structure. field has come long way since it was as "long-overlooked" 2009, there remains much discover this important family.

Language: Английский

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Comparison Between Worker and Soldier Transcriptomes of Termite Neotermes binovatus Reveals Caste Specialization of Host–Flagellate Symbiotic System

Insects, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 325 - 325

Published: March 19, 2025

Termites are eusocial insects with functionally specialized workers and soldiers, both sharing the same genotype. Additionally, lower termites host flagellates in their hindguts that assist wood digestion. However, worker-biased soldier-biased gene expression patterns of host–flagellate symbiotic system remain underexplored most taxonomic groups. In this study, we sequenced high-depth transcriptomes from soldiers a termite, Neotermes binovatus (Kalotermitidae), to investigate differentially expressed termite transcripts, flagellate transcript abundance, co-expression pairs castes. The transcripts were enriched functions related cuticle development, nervous regulation, pheromone biosynthesis, metabolism, whereas predominantly involved muscle development kinesis, body morphogenesis, protein modification, aggression. Flagellate orders Cristamonadida, Trichomonadida, Tritrichomonadida, Oxymonadida identified abundance tending be higher than soldiers. Furthermore, observed much larger number strong correlations between suggesting possibility depend more on food processed by worker holobionts own system. This research provides insights into functional specialization soldier castes termites, supporting workers’ roles nest maintenance, preliminary processing, communication, while emphasizing defensive role it offers new perspectives potential termite-flagellate interactions underscores need for whole-genome data further studies.

Language: Английский

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Thymol Stimulates Lateral Root Formation via Regulating Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 784 - 784

Published: March 23, 2025

The application of an environmentally friendly plant growth regulator to regulate and development represents a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture. Thymol is kind plant-derived natural compound. We have found that thymol potential biostimulant with the capability trigger defense against abiotic stresses. Little known about whether how modulates root system architecture. In this study, physiological, histochemical, molecular approaches were applied identify role in promoting lateral watermelon seedlings. significantly promoted LRP (lateral primordia) initiation formation. Rboh (respiratory burst oxidase homolog)-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was involved thymol-promoted from LRP. Then, gene family nine members (ClRboh1–ClRboh9) identified genome. induced expression set ClRbohs roots. These results suggested able stimulate formation by triggering Rboh-dependent ROS production. findings may help understand biological function as elicitor both fundamental study.

Language: Английский

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Anellovirus species in the serum of acute febrile patients from Mato Grosso, central Western Brazil, 2019

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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Auxin and tryptophan trigger common responses in the streptophyte alga Penium margaritaceum

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Spatiotemporal Landscape of Ganoderma lingzhi: Insights into Ganoderic Acid Distribution and Biosynthesis

Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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