Structure, Function, and Regulation of LytA: The N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine Amidase Driving the “Suicidal Tendencies” of Streptococcus pneumoniae—A Review

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 827 - 827

Published: April 5, 2025

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a significant human pathogen responsible for range of diseases from mild infections to invasive pneumococcal diseases, particularly affecting children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Despite conjugate vaccines having reduced disease incidence, challenges persist due serotype diversity, vaccine coverage gaps, antibiotic resistance. This review highlights role LytA, key autolysin (N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase), in biology. LytA regulates autolysis, contributes inflammation, biofilm formation, impairs bacterial clearance. It also modulates complement activation, aiding immune evasion. expression influenced by environmental signals genetic regulation tied competence transformation, which an important virulence trait, meningitis. With increase resistance, has emerged as potential therapeutic target. Current research explores its use bacteriolytic therapies, development, synergistic strategies. Various compounds, including synthetic peptides, plant extracts, small molecules, have been investigated their ability trigger LytA-mediated lysis. Future directions include development novel anti-pneumococcal interventions leveraging LytA’s properties while overcoming efficacy resistance-related challenges. Human challenge models animal studies continue deepen our understanding pathogenesis treatment

Language: Английский

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Genome-wide identification of SnRK gene family and functional characterization of AcSnRK2.4 in response to heat stress in kiwifruit

Environmental and Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106146 - 106146

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Identification and Expression Analysis of Chalcone Synthase Gene Family in Tartary Buckwheat

Genes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 451 - 451

Published: April 14, 2025

Background: Chalcone synthase (CHS) functions as a pivotal and initiating enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway within plants, playing crucial role accumulation metabolic processes of flavonoids. Despite its importance, there has been no comprehensive analysis or detailed description CHS gene family members specifically Tartary buckwheat. Methods: Based on using multiple bioinformatics approaches quantitative real−time PCR (qRT−PCR) technology, this study systematically identified characterized from complete genome sequence Results: In study, we total 14 FtCHS genes (FtCHS1−FtCHS14) Analysis structure protein motifs showed that most consist two exons single intron, featuring conserved Chal−sti−synt_N Chal−sti−synt_C domains. Phylogenetic studies suggested can be categorized into four primary groups: Groups I, II, III, IV. Further promoter regions revealed contain cis−acting elements respond to light, plant hormones, stress, developmental cues. By combining phylogenetic with expression data, found Group II (FtCHS3, FtCHS4, FtCHS5, FtCHS6) exhibit significantly elevated levels flowers. Conclusions: Our indicated is superfamily comprising at least functional members. The patterns these suggest their probable involvement flower−related biological This work provides fundamental insights understanding roles

Language: Английский

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GTP cyclohydrolase II (gch2) and axanthism in ball pythons: A new vertebrate model for pterin‐based pigmentation

Animal Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 56(2)

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract Pterin pigments are responsible for many of the bright colors observed across animal kingdom. However, unlike melanin, genetics pterin‐based pigmentation has received relatively little attention in coloration studies. Here, we investigate a lineage axanthic ball pythons ( Python regius ) found captivity as model system to study pterin vertebrates. By crowdsourcing shed skin samples from commercial breeders and applying case–control design, used whole‐genome pool sequencing (pool‐seq) variant annotation. We identified premature stop codon gene GTP cyclohydrolase II gch2 ), which is associated with phenotype. GCH2 catalyzes first rate‐limiting step riboflavin biosynthesis. This provides identification an axanthism‐associated vertebrates highlights utility pigmentation.

Language: Английский

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The 2025 Nucleic Acids Research database issue and the online molecular biology database collection

Nucleic Acids Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(D1), P. D1 - D9

Published: Dec. 10, 2024

The 2025 Nucleic Acids Research database issue contains 185 papers spanning biology and related areas. Seventy three new databases are covered, while resources previously described in the account for 101 update articles. Databases most recently published elsewhere a further 11 papers. acid include EXPRESSO multi-omics of 3D genome structure (this issue's chosen Breakthrough Resource Article) NAIRDB Fourier transform infrared data. New protein predictions human isoforms at ASpdb viral proteins BFVD. UniProt, Pfam InterPro have all provided updates: metabolism signalling covered by descriptions STRING, KEGG CAZy, updated microbe-oriented Enterobase, VFDB PHI-base. Biomedical research is supported, among others, ClinVar, PubChem DrugMAP. Genomics-related Ensembl, UCSC Genome Browser dbSNP. plant cover Solanaceae (SolR) Asteraceae (AMIR) families an from NCBI Taxonomy also features. Database Issue freely available on website (https://academic.oup.com/nar). At NAR online Molecular Biology Collection (http://www.oxfordjournals.org/nar/database/c/), 932 entries been reviewed last year, 74 added 226 discontinued URLs eliminated bringing current total to 2236 databases.

Language: Английский

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