The price of a cigarette: 20 minutes of life? DOI Creative Commons
Sarah E. Jackson, M. J. Jarvis,

Robert I. West

et al.

Addiction, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 29, 2024

Most smokers realise that smoking could shorten their life but not the impact of each cigarette they smoke. Britain has some best data available worldwide to estimate average loss per smoked, which is approximately 20 minutes: 17 for men and 22 women. Tobacco one largest preventable causes disease, disability, premature death globally [1]. Epidemiological studies report harms associated with using a range metrics, including absolute risks, odds ratios, risk hazard population attributable fractions, quality-adjusted years. Conveying these in clear accessible way resonates can be challenging. One potentially impactful express harm caused by expectancy smoked. In 2000, BMJ published an suggesting smoked shortens smoker's 11 minutes [2]. As authors acknowledged, made important assumptions, we now have better more up-to-date data. Their mortality relied solely on epidemiological from British male doctors followed up 40 years 1991 [3]. lifetime consumption was based figure 15.8 day age 71 years, as assessed 1996 [4]. Data are outcomes Doctors Study at 50-year follow-up 2001 [5] female Million Women Study, also carried out Britain, 2011 [6]. These found after adjusting confounders (e.g., socioeconomic position), who did stop lost 10 (men) (women) [5, 6] compared earlier 6.5 13.6 cigarettes Therefore, other things being equal, this would lead increase estimated overall: (11*10/6.5) women ((11*11/6.5)*(15.8/13.6); see supplementary file detailed explanation calculation). Since original BMJ, daily reduced 11.5 9.5 [7]. If reduction had been matched toxicant intake, remain unchanged. However, it possible nowadays smoke intensively than compensate fewer [8-10]. so, then might greater 25 ago. The measure exposure over period interest concentration nicotine metabolite, cotinine, saliva [11]. Nicotine itself particularly harmful, serve surrogate marker tar harmful compounds [11, 12]. Health Survey England gathered cotinine representative samples adult almost every year 1993 2019 [13]. show only modest change declined [14]. seems reasonable assume there substantial cigarette, so figures estimates. indicate cumulative sooner person stops, avoid smoking, longer live 6]. Thus, quits 1st January 2025 prevent full 8th January, week 20th February, month 5th August. By end year, avoided losing 50 days life. Studies suggest typically lose about same number healthy do total [15]. Thus primarily eats into relatively middle rather shortening life, often marked chronic illness or disability. So 60-year-old smoker will health profile 70-year-old non-smoker 2000 estimate, our updated comes caveats. First all, averages across ages. Some long lives while others succumb smoking-related diseases even 40s [16]. This variation due differences patterns (the puffs, depth inhalation, etc.), type individual susceptibility toxicants addition, span. risks linear [17] enough just reduce – cessation required achieve maximum benefits Within individuals, any potential may completely offset increased puffing inhalation remaining cigarettes. Age initiation play role, people starting younger vulnerable [18]. Evidence shows stopping Another caveat assumed constant lifetime. tar-to-nicotine ratios decades [19] given most tar, reduced. estimates somewhat high, true still likely considerably higher estimate. conclusion, average, quit time spent good health. Stopping beneficial get off escalator healthier expect be. Sarah E. Jackson: Conceptualization (equal); curation formal analysis investigation methodology visualization writing—original draft (equal). Martin J. Jarvis: Robert West: None. SEJ received payment Freuds+ communications agency undertaking work. MJJ declares no competing interests. RW undertakes paid training Everyone Health, company supports quitting, advisor runs antismoking campaigns English Office Improvement Disparities. He QNovia, developing therapeutic inhaled delivery device. unpaid director Unlocking Behaviour Change Community Interest Company producing Smoke Free mobile application. All declare financial links tobacco companies, e-cigarette manufacturers, representatives. used publicly referenced appropriately. S1. Supporting information Please note: publisher responsible content functionality supporting supplied authors. Any queries (other missing content) should directed corresponding author article.

Language: Английский

Trends in non-daily cigarette smoking in England, 2006–2024 DOI Creative Commons
Sarah Jackson, Jamie Brown, Lion Shahab

et al.

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is incredibly harmful, even for people who do not smoke every day. This study aimed to estimate trends in non-daily England between 2006 and 2024, how these differed across population subgroups, explore changes the profile of smokers terms their sociodemographic characteristics vaping alcohol consumption. Methods Data were collected monthly November April 2024 as part a nationally representative, repeat cross-sectional survey adults (≥ 18 years; n = 353,711). We used logistic regression associations wave descriptive statistics characterise 3-year periods. Results The proportion smoked was relatively stable 2013, at an average 10.5% [10.1–10.9%] cigarette smokers, then increased 27.2% [26.0–28.4%] (4.0% [3.7–4.2%] adults) by 2024. increase particularly pronounced among younger (e.g. reaching 52.8%, 20.4%, 14.4% 18-, 45-, 65-year-old 2024) those vape (reaching 34.2% vapers vs. 23.1% non-vapers). Over time, there reductions smokers’ mean weekly consumption (from 34.3 2006–2009 21.1 2021–2024), urges reporting no from 29.2 38.0%), motivation stop highly motivated quit within next 3 months decreased 30.8 21.0%). Conclusions An increasing cigarettes day, adults. Although report fewer weaker than they to, which may make it easier them smoking, appear be decreasingly quit.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Prevalence and characteristics of tobacco use among adults in Kazakhstan: A cross-sectional National Survey DOI Creative Commons

Anel Ibrayeva,

Marat Shoranov,

Rassulbek Aipov

et al.

Global Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9, P. 100194 - 100194

Published: March 6, 2025

Smoking remains a major public health concern worldwide, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Despite the implementation of tobacco control measures, smoking prevalence in Kazakhstan high. This study aims assess prevalence, demographic characteristics, regional variations habits among adults Kazakhstan. A cross-sectional national survey was conducted from October 2021 May 2022, covering all 17 regions total 6720 aged 18-69 years participated, selected using weighted multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected through structured interviews based on WHO STEPwise approach. status, consumption patterns, cessation attempts analyzed. The results reported as means with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). overall 19.1 %. more common men (30.3 %) than women (7.9 %). highest observed 30-44 age group (44.2 private-sector employees (53.2 Regional differences notable, lowest Atyrau (9.2 Pavlodar (30.4 Among current smokers, 89.1 smoked daily, an average 11.8 cigarettes per day (95 CI: 11.4-12.2). Only 36.7 smokers who visited healthcare professionals past year received advice quit. Additionally, 42.8 attempted quit 12 months. Passive exposure common, 26.8 22.3 exposed at home, 30.2 14.4 work. smokeless use low (1 prevalent Kazakhstan, significant by gender, age, occupation, region. high daily frequency indicate need for stronger policies, targeted campaigns, enhanced support programs. These findings provide basis future research policy-making efforts aimed reducing its associated risks.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Exploring perspectives on digital smoking cessation just-in-time adaptive interventions: A focus group study with adult smokers and smoking cessation professionals DOI Creative Commons
Corinna Leppin, Tosan Okpako, Claire Garnett

et al.

PLOS Digital Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(5), P. e0000705 - e0000705

Published: May 2, 2025

Technology-mediated just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs), which provide users with real-time, tailored behavioural support, are a promising innovation for smoking cessation. However, greater understanding of stakeholder, including user, perspectives on JITAIs is needed. Focus groups UK-based adult smokers (three groups; N = 19) and cessation professionals (one group; 5) were conducted January-June 2024. Topic guides addressed the integration JITAI into users’ lives, preferred content features, data privacy. Transcripts analysed using inductive deductive Framework Analysis; codes derived from Theoretical Domains Technology Acceptance Model. Four co-equal major themes, “Smoking Cessation Process”, “JITAI Characteristics”, “Perceived Value JITAI”, “Relationship 16 subordinate themes identified. The process was described as challenging idiosyncratic, non-linear journey during should consistent support. Preferences specific characteristics varied. participants consistently expressed that be highly personalised offer both immediate, interruptive support ambient, in-depth content. perceived usefulness ease use central to its value. Participants stressed would need convenient enough easily integrate daily yet disruptive facilitate behaviour change. Smokers they want their relationship feel supportive non-judgmental. They also felt promote autonomy. Smoking importance privacy protection, whereas appeared more ambivalent had mixed opinions about this topic. balance aspects competing demands in design, such optimising convenience sufficient disruption, promoting autonomy, integrating ambient while meeting stakeholder needs expectations terms

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Impact of Standardised Packaging of Tobacco Products Regulations on cigarette consumption and youth smoking in England: interrupted time-series analysis DOI Creative Commons
Vera Helen Buss, Loren Kock, Emma Beard

et al.

Tobacco Control, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. tc - 058560

Published: June 8, 2024

Background In the UK in May 2016, standardised packaging of tobacco products was implemented, including minimum pack sizes 20 sticks or 30 g loose tobacco. The change intended to reduce uptake by increasing upfront costs young people, but there concern it may unintentionally increase consumption among people smoking. This study aimed assess whether introduction policy associated with changes (1) mean daily factory-made (FM)/roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes smoking predominantly (a) FM and (b) RYO cigarettes; (2) current prevalence 16–24-year-olds. Methods Data (N=257 929) were from a representative monthly cross-sectional survey adults (≥16 years) England, collected between November 2007 January 2020. Outcome measures (FM/RYO) cigarette those FM/RYO cigarettes, Time-series analyses conducted using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Exogenous variables (ARIMAX) regression models gradual level starting June 2017 ending 2018 for step 2016 Results ARIMAX model not able detect consumption—for (B adj =−0.543, 95% CI −1.381 0.296) =0.002, −0.518 0.522) following implementation packaging. unadjusted analysis suggested small (3%) decrease 16–24-year-olds unadj =−0.031, −0.062 0.000), this association attenuated after adjustment covariates =−0.010, −0.039 0.019). Conclusions meaningful number consumed suggesting larger size has had an unintended consequence substantially consumption. However, also little evidence that reduced

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The price of a cigarette: 20 minutes of life? DOI Creative Commons
Sarah E. Jackson, M. J. Jarvis,

Robert I. West

et al.

Addiction, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 29, 2024

Most smokers realise that smoking could shorten their life but not the impact of each cigarette they smoke. Britain has some best data available worldwide to estimate average loss per smoked, which is approximately 20 minutes: 17 for men and 22 women. Tobacco one largest preventable causes disease, disability, premature death globally [1]. Epidemiological studies report harms associated with using a range metrics, including absolute risks, odds ratios, risk hazard population attributable fractions, quality-adjusted years. Conveying these in clear accessible way resonates can be challenging. One potentially impactful express harm caused by expectancy smoked. In 2000, BMJ published an suggesting smoked shortens smoker's 11 minutes [2]. As authors acknowledged, made important assumptions, we now have better more up-to-date data. Their mortality relied solely on epidemiological from British male doctors followed up 40 years 1991 [3]. lifetime consumption was based figure 15.8 day age 71 years, as assessed 1996 [4]. Data are outcomes Doctors Study at 50-year follow-up 2001 [5] female Million Women Study, also carried out Britain, 2011 [6]. These found after adjusting confounders (e.g., socioeconomic position), who did stop lost 10 (men) (women) [5, 6] compared earlier 6.5 13.6 cigarettes Therefore, other things being equal, this would lead increase estimated overall: (11*10/6.5) women ((11*11/6.5)*(15.8/13.6); see supplementary file detailed explanation calculation). Since original BMJ, daily reduced 11.5 9.5 [7]. If reduction had been matched toxicant intake, remain unchanged. However, it possible nowadays smoke intensively than compensate fewer [8-10]. so, then might greater 25 ago. The measure exposure over period interest concentration nicotine metabolite, cotinine, saliva [11]. Nicotine itself particularly harmful, serve surrogate marker tar harmful compounds [11, 12]. Health Survey England gathered cotinine representative samples adult almost every year 1993 2019 [13]. show only modest change declined [14]. seems reasonable assume there substantial cigarette, so figures estimates. indicate cumulative sooner person stops, avoid smoking, longer live 6]. Thus, quits 1st January 2025 prevent full 8th January, week 20th February, month 5th August. By end year, avoided losing 50 days life. Studies suggest typically lose about same number healthy do total [15]. Thus primarily eats into relatively middle rather shortening life, often marked chronic illness or disability. So 60-year-old smoker will health profile 70-year-old non-smoker 2000 estimate, our updated comes caveats. First all, averages across ages. Some long lives while others succumb smoking-related diseases even 40s [16]. This variation due differences patterns (the puffs, depth inhalation, etc.), type individual susceptibility toxicants addition, span. risks linear [17] enough just reduce – cessation required achieve maximum benefits Within individuals, any potential may completely offset increased puffing inhalation remaining cigarettes. Age initiation play role, people starting younger vulnerable [18]. Evidence shows stopping Another caveat assumed constant lifetime. tar-to-nicotine ratios decades [19] given most tar, reduced. estimates somewhat high, true still likely considerably higher estimate. conclusion, average, quit time spent good health. Stopping beneficial get off escalator healthier expect be. Sarah E. Jackson: Conceptualization (equal); curation formal analysis investigation methodology visualization writing—original draft (equal). Martin J. Jarvis: Robert West: None. SEJ received payment Freuds+ communications agency undertaking work. MJJ declares no competing interests. RW undertakes paid training Everyone Health, company supports quitting, advisor runs antismoking campaigns English Office Improvement Disparities. He QNovia, developing therapeutic inhaled delivery device. unpaid director Unlocking Behaviour Change Community Interest Company producing Smoke Free mobile application. All declare financial links tobacco companies, e-cigarette manufacturers, representatives. used publicly referenced appropriately. S1. Supporting information Please note: publisher responsible content functionality supporting supplied authors. Any queries (other missing content) should directed corresponding author article.

Language: Английский

Citations

0