Efficacy of dual-task augmented reality rehabilitation in non-hospitalized adults with self-reported long COVID fatigue and cognitive impairment: a pilot study

Neurological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(4), P. 1325 - 1333

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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A Narrative Review of the Efficacy of Long COVID Interventions on Brain Fog, Processing Speed, and Other Related Cognitive Outcomes

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 421 - 421

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

In the years following global emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or COVID-19, researchers have become acutely aware long-term symptomology associated with this disease, often termed long COVID. Long COVID is pervasive symptoms affecting multiple organ systems. Neurocognitive are reported by up to 40% patients, resultant effects loss daily functioning, employment issues, and enormous economic impact high healthcare utilization. The literature on effective, safe, non-invasive interventions for remediation cognitive consequences scarce poorly described. Of specific interest narrative review identification potential COVID-associated neurocognitive deficits. Articles were sourced from PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, Embase Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. published between dates January 2020 30 June 2024 included in search. Twelve studies review, including a feasibility study, pilot case series, an observational addition three randomized clinical trials four interventional studies. Overall, treatment such as training, brain stimulation therapy, exercise rehabilitation, targeted pharmacological intervention, other related paradigms show promise reducing issues. This highlights need more rigorous experimental designs future needed fully evaluate persistent deficits

Language: Английский

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Direct effects of prolonged TNF-α and IL-6 exposure on neural activity in human iPSC-derived neuron-astrocyte co-cultures

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Cognitive impairment is one of the many symptoms reported by individuals suffering from long-COVID and other post-viral infection disorders such as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). A common factor among these conditions a sustained immune response increased levels inflammatory cytokines. Tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) interleukin-6 (IL-6) are two cytokines that elevated in patients diagnosed with ME/CFS. In this study, we characterized changes neural functionality, secreted cytokine profiles, gene expression co-cultures human iPSC-derived neurons primary astrocytes to prolonged exposure TNF-α IL-6. We found produced both concentration-independent concentration-dependent activity. Burst duration was significantly reduced within few days regardless concentration (1 pg/mL – 100 ng/mL) but returned baseline after 7 days. Treatment low concentrations (e.g., 1 25 pg/mL) did not lead profile or still resulted significant electrophysiological features interspike interval burst duration. Conversely, treatment high 10 led spiking activity, which may be correlated health, expression, increases secretion IL-1β, IL-4, CXCL-10) were observed at higher concentrations. Prolonged IL-6 bursting features, reduction number spikes bursts across wide range (i.e., pg/mL–10 ng/mL). combination, addition appears counteract function induced TNF-α, while had little no effect. lost when cultures co-stimulated concentration, suggesting play more pronounced role altering function. These results indicate key associated can directly impact component cognitive disorders.

Language: Английский

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Long COVID – a critical disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission?

Bioelectronic Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Abstract Background Following the COVID-19 pandemic, there are many chronically ill Long COVID (LC) patients with different symptoms of varying degrees severity. The pathological pathways LC remain unclear until recently and make identification path mechanisms exploration therapeutic options an urgent challenge. There is apparent relationship between impaired cholinergic neurotransmission. Methods This paper reviews current literature on effects blocked nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) main affected organ cell systems contrasts this unblocking alkaloid nicotine. In addition, presented that could explain previously unexplained phenomenon post-vaccination syndrome (PVS). fact not only SARS-CoV-2 but numerous other viruses can bind to nAChRs discussed under assumption post-viral diseases autoimmune (ADs) may also be due transmission. We present a case report demonstrates changes in transmission, specifically, availability α4β2 by using (-)-[ 18 F]Flubatine whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) imaging dysfunction patient along significant neurological improvement before after low-dose transcutaneous nicotine (LDTN) administration. Lastly, descriptive analysis evaluation were conducted results survey involving 231 users LDTN. Results A substantial body research has emerged offers compelling explanation for LC, suggesting it plausibly explained because nAChR function human body. ten-day course administration, no enduring neuropathological manifestations observed patient. observation was accompanied increase number free ligand binding sites (LBS) nAChRs, as determined PET imaging. shows majority (73.5%) their LC/MEF/CFS disease result Conclusions conclusion, based knowledge, LDTN appears promising safe procedure relieve expected long-term harm.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin regulation of phase separation in Neuro-PASC: out-maneuvering Janus-faced amyloids

Exploration of neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: March 24, 2025

The SAR-CoV-2 virus has evolved to co-exist with human hosts, albeit at a substantial energetic cost resulting in post-infection neurological manifestations [Neuro-post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)] that significantly impact public health and economic productivity on global scale. One the main molecular mechanisms responsible for development Neuro-PASC, individuals all ages, is formation inadequate proteolysis/clearance phase-separated amyloid crystalline aggregates—a hallmark feature aging-related neurodegenerative disorders. Amyloidogenesis during viral persistence natural, inevitable, protective defense response exacerbated by SARS-CoV-2. Acting as chemical catalyst, accelerates hydrophobic collapse heterogeneous nucleation amorphous amyloids into stable β-sheet aggregates. clearance aggregates most effective slow wave sleep, when high levels adenosine triphosphate (ATP)—a biphasic modulator biomolecular condensates—and melatonin are available solubilize removal. dysregulation mitochondrial dynamics SARS-CoV-2, particular fusion fission homeostasis, impairs proper distinct subpopulations can remedy challenges created diversion substrates away from oxidative phosphorylation towards glycolysis support replication maintenance. subsequent reduction ATP inhibition synthesis sleep results incomplete brain aggregates, leading commonly associated age-related Exogenous not only prevents dysfunction but also elevates production, effectively augmenting solubilizing effect moiety ensure timely, optimal disaggregation pathogenic prevention attenuation Neuro-PASC.

Language: Английский

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A Systems Neuroscience Approach to Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Post COVID Neurological Syndrome Based on the Systems Neuroscience Test Battery (SNTB) Study Protocol

Neurorehabilitation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 56(1), P. 37 - 47

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

The proposed study reports the design and development of a rapid screening tool, Systems Neuroscience Test Battery (SNTB), for diagnosing evaluating neurological manifestations Post-COVID-19 Neurological Syndrome (PCNS) within broader context Post-Acute Sequelae to COVID-19 (PASC). SNTB is designed incorporate behaviorally relevant Telehealth component that enhances consumer confidence in symptom discrimination, management PCNS, guides rehabilitation programs while allowing continuous evaluation intervention effectiveness. employs longitudinal design, with telehealth routine blood assessments conducted at three-month intervals, including least two follow-ups post-recruitment. These will involve Consumer-Reported Symptoms, Clinical History, Neuropsychological Data, Timed Psychophysics, aimed PCNS-related symptoms ‘brain fog” its affect on visually driven attention, cognition motor behaviors. are intended validate characteristics fog’ identify predictive behavioral biomarkers PCNS. target population includes adults aged 18–65 who have experienced persistent three months following confirmed infection. Exclusion criteria include individuals unable undergo radiological examinations, such as pregnant women or those contraindications MRI, ensuring robustness sample reducing potential selection bias. tool facilitate online identification PCNS aid discovery effective molecular biomarker combinations medical rehabilitation. Complementary Assessment, hospital facilities be utilized blood-based assessments, concurrent profiling structural functional changes during recovery from symptoms.

Language: Английский

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Potential Beneficial Effects of Naringin and Naringenin on Long COVID—A Review of the Literature

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 332 - 332

Published: Feb. 4, 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a severe epidemic due to acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent studies have found that patients do not completely recover from infections, but instead, suffer variety of post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as long COVID. The effects COVID can be far-reaching, with duration up six months and range symptoms such cognitive dysfunction, immune dysregulation, microbiota dysbiosis, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, myocarditis, pulmonary fibrosis, cough, diabetes, pain, reproductive thrombus formation. However, recent shown naringenin naringin palliative on various COVID-19 sequelae. Flavonoids naringenin, commonly in fruits vegetables, positive effects, including reducing inflammation, preventing viral providing antioxidants. This article discusses the molecular mechanisms clinical treating above diseases. It proposes them potential drugs for treatment COVID, it inferred exhibit extended medications, future likely serving nutraceuticals or supplements comprehensive alleviation manifestations complications.

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammation in Post COVID‐19 Sequelae: Neuroinvasion and Neuroimmune Crosstalk

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(6)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Abstract The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in December 2019 triggered a swift global spread, leading to devastating pandemic. Alarmingly, approximately one four individuals diagnosed with disease (COVID‐19) experience varying degrees cognitive impairment, raising concerns about potential increase neurological sequelae cases. Neuroinflammation seems be the key pathophysiological hallmark linking mild COVID‐19 fatigue, and patients, highlighting interaction between nervous immune systems following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Several hypotheses have been proposed explain how virus disrupts physiological pathways trigger inflammation within CNS, potentially neuronal damage. These include neuroinvasion, systemic inflammation, disruption lung gut‐brain axes, reactivation latent viruses. This review explores origins neuroinflammation underlying neuroimmune cross‐talk, important unanswered questions field. Addressing these fundamental issues could enhance our understanding virus's impact on CNS inform strategies mitigate its detrimental effects.

Language: Английский

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More than “Brain Fog”: Cognitive Dysfunction and the Role of Occupational Therapy in Long COVID

Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(1), P. 39 - 49

Published: Dec. 30, 2024

Long COVID is a disabling condition which affects occupational performance and quality of life. It interferes with activities daily living, work, many meaningful life roles. Cognitive dysfunction frequently reported symptom, yet it commonly overlooked. important that cognitive activity considered when working people long COVID, particularly identifying triggers post exertional symptom exacerbation. There are potential mechanisms could be driving in including neuroinflammation, viral persistence, vascular damage, orthostatic intolerance. to consider these help guide intervention. The purpose this clinical perspective highlight the debilitating impact those share key role therapists area. may missed on standardized assessments as they not sensitive enough due episodic nature symptoms. Occupational can play area experts assessing providing safe assessment rehabilitation.

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular dysautonomia in postacute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(3), P. 608 - 617

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has led to a worldwide pandemic that continues transform but will not go away. Cardiovascular dysautonomia in postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection persistent symptoms large number patients. Here, we define the condition and its associated as well potential mechanisms responsible. We provide careful complete overview topic addressing novel studies generalized approach management individuals with this complex potentially debilitating problem. also discuss future research directions important knowledge gaps be addressed ongoing planned studies.

Language: Английский

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