Stabilization of membrane topologies by proteinaceous remorin scaffolds

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

In plants, the topological organization of membranes has mainly been attributed to cell wall and cytoskeleton. Additionally, few proteins, such as plant-specific remorins have shown function protein lipid organizers. Root nodule symbiosis requires continuous membrane re-arrangements, with bacteria being finally released from infection threads into membrane-confined symbiosomes. We found that mutations in symbiosis-specific SYMREM1 gene result highly disorganized perimicrobial membranes. AlphaFold modelling biochemical analyses reveal oligomerizes antiparallel dimers may form a higher-order scaffolding structure. This was experimentally confirmed when expressing this other wall-less protoplasts is sufficient where they significantly alter stabilize de novo topologies ranging blebs long tubes central actin filament. Reciprocally, mechanically induced indentations were equally stabilized by SYMREM1. Taken together we describe mechanism allows stabilization large-scale conformations independent wall.

Language: Английский

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The single-cell transcriptome program of nodule development cellular lineages in Medicago truncatula

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(2), P. 113747 - 113747

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Legumes establish a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia by developing nodules. Nodules are modified lateral roots that undergo changes in their cellular development response to bacteria, but the transcriptional reprogramming occurs these root cells remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we describe cell-type-specific transcriptome of Medicago truncatula during early nodule wild-type genotype Jemalong A17, complemented hypernodulating mutant (sunn-4) expand cell population responding infection and subsequent biological inferences. The analysis identifies epidermal hair stele sub-cell types associated regulation proliferation. Trajectory inference shows cortex-derived lineages differentiating form primordia and, posteriorly, its meristem, while modulating phytohormone-related genes. Gene regulatory transcriptomes new regulators nodulation, including STYLISH 4, for which function is validated.

Language: Английский

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Light-sensitive short hypocotyl genes confer symbiotic nodule identity in the legume Medicago truncatula

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(4), P. 825 - 840.e7

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Legumes produce specialized root nodules that are distinct from lateral roots in morphology and function, with intracellularly hosting nitrogen-fixing bacteria. We have previously shown a program underpins nodule initiation, but there must be additional developmental regulators confer identity. Here, we show two members of the LIGHT-SENSITIVE SHORT HYPOCOTYL (LSH) transcription factor family, predominantly known to define shoot meristem complexity organ boundaries, function as In parallel initiation program, LSH1/LSH2 recruit into cortex mediates divergence nodules, particular cell divisions mid-cortex. This includes regulation auxin cytokinin, promotion NODULE ROOT1/2 Nuclear Factor YA1, suppression program. A principal outcome is production cells able accommodate bacteria, key feature unique nodules.

Language: Английский

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Long‐lasting impact of chitooligosaccharide application on strigolactone biosynthesis and fungal accommodation promotes arbuscular mycorrhiza in Medicago truncatula

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 237(6), P. 2316 - 2331

Published: Dec. 24, 2022

The establishment of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) between plants and Glomeromycotina fungi is preceded by the exchange chemical signals: fungal released Myc-factors, including chitooligosaccharides (CO) lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCO), activate plant symbiotic responses, while root-exuded strigolactones stimulate hyphal branching boost CO release. Furthermore, signaling reinforcement through application was shown to promote AM development in Medicago truncatula, but cellular molecular bases this effect remained unclear. Here, we focused on long-term M. truncatula responses treatment, demonstrating its impact transcriptome both mycorrhizal nonmycorrhizal roots over several weeks providing an insight into mechanistic CO-dependent promotion colonization. treatment caused long-lasting regulation strigolactone biosynthesis accommodation-related genes. This mirrored increase root didehydro-orobanchol content, accommodation epidermal cells. Lastly, advanced downregulation symbiosis marker genes observed at latest time point CO-treated plants, line with increased number senescent arbuscules. Overall, triggered molecular, metabolic, underpinning a protracted acceleration development.

Language: Английский

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Widely conserved AHL transcription factors are essential for NCR gene expression and nodule development in Medicago

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 280 - 288

Published: Jan. 9, 2023

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium bacteria in the cells of legume root nodules alleviates need for fertilizers. Nitrogen requires endosymbionts to differentiate into bacteroids which can be reversible or terminal. The latter is controlled plant, it more beneficial and has evolved multiple clades Leguminosae family. plant effectors terminal differentiation inverted repeat-lacking clade legumes (IRLC) are nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides, absent such as soybean where there no rhizobia. It was assumed that NCRs co-evolved with specific transcription factors, but our work demonstrates expression NCR genes does not require NCR-specific factors. Introduction Medicago truncatula NCR169 gene under its own promoter roots resulted expression, leading bacteroid changes associated differentiation. We identified two AT-Hook Motif Nuclear Localized (AHL) factors from both M. bound AT-rich sequences inducing expression. Whereas mutation arrested development at a late stage, absence MtAHL1 MtAHL2 completely blocked indicating they also regulate other required nitrogen-fixing nodules. Regulation orthologous non-IRLC opens up possibility increasing efficiency lacking NCRs.

Language: Английский

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The saponin bomb: a nucleolar‐localized β‐glucosidase hydrolyzes triterpene saponins in Medicago truncatula

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 239(2), P. 705 - 719

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Summary Plants often protect themselves from their own bioactive defense metabolites by storing them in less active forms. Consequently, plants also need systems allowing correct spatiotemporal reactivation of such metabolites, for instance under pathogen or herbivore attack. Via co‐expression analysis with public transcriptomes, we determined that the model legume Medicago truncatula has evolved a two‐component system composed β‐glucosidase, denominated G1, and triterpene saponins, which are physically separated each other intact cells. G1 expression is root‐specific, stress‐inducible, coregulated genes encoding saponin biosynthetic enzymes. However, protein stored nucleolus released united its typically vacuolar‐stored substrates only upon tissue damage, partly mediated surfactant action saponins themselves. Subsequently, enzymatic removal carbohydrate groups creates pool an increased broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity. The evolution this benefited both intrinsic condensation abilities enzyme bioactivity properties substrates. We dub bomb, analogy mustard oil cyanide bombs, commonly used to describe renowned β‐glucosidase‐dependent glucosinolates cyanogenic glucosides.

Language: Английский

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The phosphate starvation response regulator PHR2 antagonizes arbuscule maintenance in Medicago

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 244(5), P. 1979 - 1993

Published: May 27, 2024

Summary Phosphate starvation response (PHR) transcription factors play essential roles in regulating phosphate uptake plants through binding to the P1BS cis ‐element promoter of genes. Recently, PHRs were also shown positively regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization rice and lotus by controlling expression many symbiotic However, their role arbuscule development has remained unclear. In Medicago, we previously showed that degradation is controlled two SPX proteins are highly expressed arbuscule‐containing cells. Since bind repress activity a phosphate‐dependent manner, investigated whether maintenance regulated PHR. Here, show PHR2 major regulator Medicago. Knockout phr2 reduced response, gene expression, fungal levels. arbuscules formed less degradation, suggesting negative for maintenance. This was supported observation overexpression led enhanced arbuscules. Although arbuscule‐induced genes contain elements promoters, found ‐elements transporter PT4 not required cell expression. both SPX1/3 negatively affect maintenance, our results indicate they control partly via different mechanisms. While potentiates colonization, its cells needs be tightly maintain successful symbiosis

Language: Английский

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Light sensitive short hypocotyl (LSH) confer symbiotic nodule identity in the legume Medicago truncatula

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

Summary Legumes grow specialized root nodules that are distinct from lateral roots in morphology and function, with intracellularly hosting beneficial nitrogen-fixing bacteria provide the plant a nitrogen source. We have previously shown root-like program underpins nodule initiation, but there must be additional developmental programs confer identity. Here, we show two members of LIGHT SENSITIVE SHORT HYPOCOTYL (LSH) transcription factor family, predominantly known to define organ boundaries meristem complexity shoot, function as regulators LSH1/LSH2 upstream together Nuclear Factor Y - A1 NODULE ROOT1/2. The principal outcome is production cells able accommodate bacteria, unique feature. conclude coordinate recruitment pre-existing primordium identity program, parallel initiation divergence between nodules.

Language: Английский

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MODMS: a multi-omics database for facilitating biological studies on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Nov. 27, 2023

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a globally important forage crop. It also serves as vegetable and medicinal herb because of its excellent nutritional quality significant economic value. Multi-omics data on alfalfa continue to accumulate owing recent advances in high-throughput techniques, integrating this information holds great potential for expediting genetic research facilitating agronomic traits. Therefore, we developed comprehensive database named MODMS (multi-omics M. sativa) that incorporates multiple reference genomes, annotations, comparative genomics, transcriptomes, high-quality genomic variants, proteomics, metabolomics. This report describes our continuously evolving database, which provides researchers with several convenient tools extensive omics resources, the expansion research. Further details regarding are available at https://modms.lzu.edu.cn/.

Language: Английский

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Signaling by reactive molecules and antioxidants in legume nodules

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 236(3), P. 815 - 832

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Summary Legume nodules are symbiotic structures formed as a result of the interaction with rhizobia. Nodules fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia that is assimilated by plant and this process requires strict metabolic regulation signaling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) reactive (RNS) involved signal molecules at all stages symbiosis, from rhizobial infection to nodule senescence. Also, sulfur (RSS) emerging important signals for an efficient symbiosis. Homeostasis mainly accomplished antioxidant enzymes metabolites essential allow redox signaling while preventing oxidative damage. Here, we examine pathways antioxidants emphasis on their functions in protection In addition providing update recent findings paying tribute original studies, identify several key questions. These include need new methodologies detect quantify ROS, RNS, RSS, avoiding potential artifacts due short lifetimes tissue manipulation; redox‐active proteins post‐translational modification; production exchange plastids, peroxisomes, nuclei, bacteroids; unknown but expected crosstalk between RSS nodules.

Language: Английский

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