Burning questions for a warming and changing world: 15 unknowns in plant abiotic stress

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 67 - 108

Published: Aug. 26, 2022

We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common themes of these include the need better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; environmental signals interface endogenous signaling development (e.g. circadian clock flowering time); this integrated controls downstream responses stomatal regulation, proline metabolism, growth versus defense balance). The plasma membrane comes up frequently a site key transport events mechanosensing lipid-derived signaling, aquaporins). Adaptation extremes CO2 affects hydraulic architecture transpiration, well root shoot morphology, ways not fully understood. Environmental adaptation involves tradeoffs that limit ecological distribution crop resilience face changing increasingly unpredictable environments. Exploration diversity within among species can help us know which represent fundamental limits ones be circumvented bringing new trait combinations together. Better defining what constitutes beneficial resistance different contexts making connections between genes phenotypes, laboratory field observations, are overarching challenges.

Language: Английский

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Engineering drought and salinity tolerance traits in crops through CRISPR-mediated genome editing: Targets, tools, challenges, and perspectives

Plant Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(6), P. 100417 - 100417

Published: Aug. 3, 2022

Prolonged periods of drought triggered by climate change hamper plant growth and cause substantial agricultural yield losses every year. In addition to drought, salinity is one the major abiotic stresses that severely affect crop health production. Plant responses involve multiple processes operate in a spatiotemporal manner, such as stress sensing, perception, epigenetic modifications, transcription, post-transcriptional processing, translation, post-translational changes. Consequently, tolerance are polygenic traits influenced genome-environment interactions. One ideal solutions these challenges development high-yielding varieties with enhanced tolerance, together improved practices. Recently, genome-editing technologies, especially clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) tools, have been effectively applied elucidate how plants deal saline environments. this work, we aim portray combined use CRISPR-based genome engineering tools modern genomic-assisted breeding approaches gaining momentum identifying genetic determinants complex for improvement. This review provides synopsis at morphological, physiological, molecular levels. We also highlight recent advances their understanding multi-level nature adaptations stress. Integrating CRISPR factors regulate stress-response pathways introgression beneficial develop stress-resilient crops.

Language: Английский

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Breeding crops for drought-affected environments and improved climate resilience

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 162 - 186

Published: Nov. 12, 2022

Abstract Breeding climate-resilient crops with improved levels of abiotic and biotic stress resistance as a response to climate change presents both opportunities challenges. Applying the framework “breeder’s equation,” which is used predict selection for breeding program cycle, we review methodologies strategies that have been successfully breed drought resistance, where target population environments (TPEs) spatially temporally heterogeneous mixture drought-affected favorable (water-sufficient) environments. Long-term improvement temperate maize US corn belt case study compared progress other geographies. Integration trait information across scales, from genomes ecosystems, needed accurately yield outcomes genotypes within current future TPEs. This will require transdisciplinary teams explore, identify, exploit novel accelerate outcomes; germplasm resources products (cultivars, hybrids, clones, populations) outperform replace in use by farmers, combination modified agronomic management suited their local

Language: Английский

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Understanding the plant-microbe interactions in environments exposed to abiotic stresses: An overview

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 271, P. 127368 - 127368

Published: March 22, 2023

Abiotic stress poses a severe danger to agriculture since it negatively impacts cellular homeostasis and eventually stunts plant growth development. stressors like drought excessive heat are expected occur more frequently in the future due climate change, which would reduce yields of important crops maize, wheat, rice may jeopardize food security human populations. The microbiomes varied taxonomically organized microbial community that is connected plants. By supplying nutrients water plants, regulating their physiology metabolism, microbiota helps plants develop tolerate abiotic stresses, can boost crop yield under stresses. In this present study, with emphasis on temperature, salt, stress, we describe current findings how stresses impact microbiomes, microbe-microbe interactions, plant-microbe interactions as way microorganisms affect metabolism plant. We also explore crucial measures must be taken applying practices faced

Language: Английский

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Plant-Microbiota Interactions in Abiotic Stress Environments

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(7), P. 511 - 526

Published: March 25, 2022

Abiotic stress adversely affects cellular homeostasis and ultimately impairs plant growth, posing a serious threat to agriculture. Climate change modeling predicts increasing occurrences of abiotic stresses such as drought extreme temperature, resulting in decreasing the yields major crops rice, wheat, maize, which endangers food security for human populations. Plants are associated with diverse taxonomically structured microbial communities that called microbiota. Plant microbiota often assist growth tolerance by providing water nutrients plants modulating metabolism physiology and, thus, offer potential increase crop production under stress. In this review, we summarize recent progress on how plants, microbiota, plant-microbe interactions, microbe-microbe microbes affect conditions, focus drought, salt, temperature We also discuss important steps utilize agriculture stress.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

Language: Английский

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Gene-by-environment interactions in plants: Molecular mechanisms, environmental drivers, and adaptive plasticity

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 109 - 124

Published: Nov. 7, 2022

Abstract Plants demonstrate a broad range of responses to environmental shifts. One the most remarkable is plasticity, which ability single plant genotype produce different phenotypes in response stimuli. As with all traits, plasticity evolve depends on presence underlying genetic diversity within population. A common approach for evaluating role variation driving differences has been study genotype-by-environment interactions (G × E). G E occurs when genotypes phenotypic trait values environments. In this review, we highlight progress and promising methods identifying key drivers E. Specifically, methodological advances using algorithmic multivariate approaches understand combined new genomic innovations can greatly increase our understanding about molecular These developing be applied proliferating garden networks that capture natural gradients unravel mechanisms An increased used enhance resilience productivity agronomic systems.

Language: Английский

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Gene regulatory networks shape developmental plasticity of root cell types under water extremes in rice

Developmental Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 57(9), P. 1177 - 1192.e6

Published: May 1, 2022

Understanding how roots modulate development under varied irrigation or rainfall is crucial for of climate-resilient crops. We established a toolbox tagged rice lines to profile translating mRNAs and chromatin accessibility within specific cell populations. used these study in range environments: plates the lab, controlled greenhouse stress recovery conditions, outdoors paddy. Integration mRNA data resolves regulatory networks following: cycle genes proliferating cells that attenuate DNA synthesis submergence; involved auxin signaling, circadian clock, small RNA regulation ground tissue; suberin biosynthesis, iron transporters, nitrogen assimilation endodermal/exodermal modulated with water availability. By applying systems approach, we identify known candidate driver transcription factors water-deficit responses xylem plasticity. Collectively, this resource will facilitate genetic improvements root optimal climate resilience.

Language: Английский

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Replicated Evolution in Plants

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(1), P. 697 - 725

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Similar traits and functions commonly evolve in nature. Here, we explore patterns of replicated evolution across the plant kingdom discuss processes responsible for such patterns. We begin this review by defining theoretical, genetic, ecological concepts that help explain it. then focus our attention on empirical cases at phenotypic genotypic levels. find replication ecotype level is common, but evidence repeated speciation surprisingly sparse. On other hand, strategies physiological mechanisms similar biomes appears to be pervasive. conclude highlighting where future efforts can us bridge understanding different levels biological organization. Earth's landscape diverse also repeats itself. Organisms seem have followed suit.

Language: Английский

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Transcriptome sequencing and metabolome analysis to reveal renewal evidence for drought adaptation in mulberry

IET Systems Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract As an economically important tree species, mulberry (Morus spp.) has exhibited a remarkable tolerance for salinity, drought and heavy metals. However, the precise mechanism of metabolome‐mediated adaptation is unclear. In this study, two new varieties—‘drought‐sensitive guisangyou62 (GSY62) highly drought‐tolerant guiyou2024 (GY2024)’—after three days (62F or 2024F) six (62B 2024B) drought–stress conditions were subjected to transcriptome metabolome analyses. The enrichment analysis demonstrated that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid energy metabolism secondary metabolite biosynthesis under conditions. Notably, compared with CK group (without treatment), 60 70 DEGs GY2024 GSY62 involved sucrose starch biosynthesis, respectively. encoding phosphate synthase 2 4 downregulated GY2024, lower expression. key enzymes upregulated transcriptional abundance was significantly higher than GSY62. These results indicated stress reduced synthesis but accelerated mulberry.

Language: Английский

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Embracing plant plasticity or robustness as a means of ensuring food security

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

The dual challenges of global population explosion and environmental deterioration represent major hurdles for 21st Century agriculture culminating in an unprecedented demand food security. In this Review, we revisit historical concepts plasticity canalization before integrating them with contemporary studies genotype-environment interactions (G×E) that are currently being carried out at the genome-wide level. doing so address both fundamental questions regarding G×E potential strategies to best secure yields current future climate scenarios. Breeding adaptive crop cultivars under changing scenario is anything but easy. Here, authors review their integration genotype-environmental objective facilitate breeding.

Language: Английский

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