Current Insights into Weak Seed Dormancy and Pre-Harvest Sprouting in Crop Species

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(18), P. 2559 - 2559

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

During the domestication of crops, seed dormancy has been reduced or eliminated to encourage faster and more consistent germination. This alteration makes cultivated crops particularly vulnerable pre-harvest sprouting, which occurs when mature are subjected adverse environmental conditions, such as excessive rainfall high humidity. Consequently, some seeds may bypass normal period begin germinate while still attached mother plant before harvest. Grains affected by sprouting characterized increased levels α-amylase activity, resulting in poor processing quality immediate grain downgrading. In agriculture industry, causes annual economic losses exceeding USD 1 billion worldwide. premature germination is influenced a complex interplay genetic, biochemical, molecular factors closely linked conditions like rainfall. However, exact mechanism behind this process unclear. Unlike vivipary refers activation during soft dough stage, grains immature. Mature with ABA impaired signaling (weak dormancy) susceptible sprouting. While can enhance resistance it lead undesirable outcomes for most non-uniform seedling establishment after sowing. Thus, crucial ensuring productivity sustainability an agronomically important trait affecting yield quality. On other hand, color resistance; however, genetic relationship between both characteristics remains unresolved. The identification mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-3 (MKK3) gene responsible sprouting-1 (Phs-1) represents significant advancement our understanding how wheat controlled at levels. maturation, Viviparous-1 (Vp-1) plays role managing regulating maturation inhibiting through suppression proteases. Vp-1 key player essential program. Mutants exhibit unpigmented aleurone cell layer precocious due decreased sensitivity ABA. Recent research also revealed that TaSRO-1 interacts TaVp-1, contributing regulation wheat. goal review emphasize latest on suggest possible directions future studies.

Language: Английский

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Celebrating the American Society of Plant Biologists centennial anniversary: A compendium of review articles in plant biology

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(5), P. 1183 - 1185

Published: March 11, 2024

to fill a gap in the rapidly progressing areas of

Language: Английский

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Genomic Signatures of Domestication in a Fungus Obligately Farmed by Leafcutter Ants

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 4, 2024

Abstract The naturally selected fungal crop ( Leucoagaricus gongylophorus ) farmed by leafcutter ants shows striking parallels with artificially plant crops domesticated humans (e.g., polyploidy, engorged nutritional rewards, dependence on cultivation). To date, poorly resolved L. genomes based short-read sequencing have constrained hypotheses about how millions of years under cultivation shaped the genome and potentially drove domestication. We use PacBio HiFi from ant Atta colombica to identify 18 putatively novel biosynthetic gene clusters that likely cemented life as a cultivar fragment degradation, ant-farmer communication, antimicrobial defense). Comparative analyses cultivated free-living fungi showed genomic signatures stepwise domestication transitions: 1) ant-cultivated: loss genes conferring stress response detoxification, 2) hyphal food rewards: expansions governing cellular homeostasis, carbohydrate metabolism, siderophore biosynthesis, 3) detrital provisioning freshly cut fragments: promoting cell wall fatty acid DNA repair. Comparisons across three species highlight exclusively vertical clonal propagation widespread transposable element activity. These results show natural selection can shape towards long-term ecological resilience farming systems thrived millennia.

Language: Английский

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Exploring genetics and genomics trends to understand the link between secondary metabolic genes and agronomic traits in cereals under stress

Journal of Plant Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 303, P. 154379 - 154379

Published: Nov. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Celebrating the American Society of Plant Biologists centennial anniversary: A compendium of review articles in plant biology

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 195(1), P. 1 - 3

Published: March 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Dysbiosis in Maize Leaf Endosphere Microbiome is Associated with Domestication

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Background The effect of domestication and breeding on maize leaf endosphere microbiota is scarcely understood, a knowledge gap vital to be filled given their roles in plant health. We examined the microbial communities associated with three plant-groups; teosinte, landraces elite inbred maize, latter including both Mexican US lines. Particularly, we used 16S-V4 region amplicon sequencing microbiomes infer how community may have been shaped by crop’s evolution, whether they were affected by: (i) transition from perennial life history an annual wild; (ii) transformation into landrace via domestication; (iii) northward spread Mexico US; maizes produce inbreds. Additionally, investigated biomarker taxa, likely functional profiles using LEfSe analysis, network FAPROTAX. Results differed among plant-groups genotypes, was markedly domestication, as indicated decline bacterial diversity changes structure between wild (teosinte) domesticated (maize) Zea. While highly stringent regulated teosintes, post-domestication inbreds showed high variability, suggesting dysbiosis consistent predictions Anna Karenina principle. As such, this finding marks first evidence domestication. Co-occurrence analyses revealed complexity increased Furthermore, FAPROTAX suggested that teosintes possessed higher cellulolytic, chitinolytic, nitrate respiration functions, while fermentation reduction functions. Conclusions Our results structures are alterations dysbiosis. Altogether, our findings enhanced understanding effects anthropogenic processes such crop spread, cultivars, guide development evolutionarily- ecologically sustainable biofertilizers biocontrol agents.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary history and rhizosphere microbial community composition in domesticated hops (Humulus lupulus L.)

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 2, 2024

Abstract Humulus lupulus L. , commonly known as hops, is a perennial crop grown worldwide and well for its pharmacological, commercial, most importantly brewing applications. For hundreds of years, hops have undergone intense artificial selection with over 250 cultivated varieties being developed worldwide, all displaying differences in key characteristics such bitter acid concentrations, flavor aroma profiles, changes photoperiod, growth, pathogen/pest resistances. Previous studies individually explored between cultivars, aiming to identify markers that can quickly cost-effectively differentiate cultivars. However, little about their evolutionary history the variability associated rhizospheric microbial communities. Coupling phenotypic, genomic, soil metagenomic data, our study aims explore global population structure domestication 98 Additionally, we assessed growth rates, rates viral infection, usage dissolvable nitrogen, community compositions US non-US based Contrary previous studies, revealed hop cultivars cluster into four primary subpopulations; Central European, English, American ancestry previously reported, one new group, Nobles, revealing further substructure amongst European Modeling domesticated reveals an early divergence common ancestors modern around 2800 ybp, more recent divergences gene flow across Noble reconciled events human migrations. Furthermore, origin were shown overall outperform both nitrogen display novel composition.

Language: Английский

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Does domestication trade-off stress tolerance for leaf growth? A search for evidence across eight Pooideae grass species

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 4, 2024

Abstract Plant domestication is thought to create trade-offs between high yield and stress tolerance, raising concerns about stability in future climates. Previous studies have found limited direct evidence for such trade-offs, often focusing on weakened defenses associated with higher growth rates. However, can also occur when traits (such as agriculture) optimized favorable conditions perform less efficiently stressful conditions. Deciphering the mechanisms driving these crucial maintaining changing environments. We examine leaf growth, a key trait influencing carbon assimilation, eight species of grasses. use machine learning pipeline automatically extract cell dimensions positions from microscope images study kinematics, finding that domesticated plants generally longer leaves, larger division zones production no clear trade-off drought response final length. observed development wild exhibited smaller decrease elongation zone size under than their counterparts. These nuanced highlight importance examining physiological greater detail, possibly informing breeding strategies enhance crop resilience face climate change. Highlight This uses throughput characterize responding across including barley, wheat, oat relatives.

Language: Английский

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