Stems matter: Xylem physiological limits are an accessible and critical improvement to models of plant gas exchange in deep time

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Sept. 12, 2022

The evolution of woody stems approximately 400 mya (middle Paleozoic) facilitated the expansion plants and has likely affected carbon water budgets across much terrestrial surface since that time. Stems are a cost/sink limit transport from soil to leaves as it must pass through specialized xylem tissue. While leaf fossils have provided wealth quantitative data, including estimates plant fluxes utilizing biophysically based models, fossil-informed models integrating stem physiology lacking. Integrated stem-leaf may distinguish successors ecological catastrophes like end Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA). documented collapse LPIA tropical forests provides an opportunity assess importance key understanding differences in survivorship among common taxa Carboniferous Permian. Here, we present analysis limits supply function for forest types due (1) cavitation-induced embolism blockage (2) insufficient sapwood capacity.—collectively defined here dysfunction. We first modified ecosystem process model ( Paleo -BGC+) includes -BGC + is parameterized using measurements obtainable fossil therefore applicable both modern ancient ecosystems. then effect dysfunction on processes previously published new dataset Paleozoic. Using daily meteorology GCM late (GENESIS v3) under Glacial (low-CO2) Inter-glacial (high-CO2) scenario, found simulated slowed use reduced storage. This inhibition occurred particularly with high maximum stomatal conductance vulnerability embolism. Coincidentally, these traits were predominantly or missing record Integrating improve fidelity representations soil-to-atmosphere plants, simulations long-term climate phenomena LPIA, projections future change.

Language: Английский

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Lipid concentration and composition in xylem sap of woody angiosperms from a tropical savanna and a seasonal rainforest

Plant Diversity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(1), P. 126 - 133

Published: July 5, 2023

Lipids may play an important role in preventing gas embolisms by coating nanobubbles xylem sap. Few studies on sap lipids have been reported for temperate plants, and it remain unclear whether adaptational significance tropical plants. In this study, we quantify the lipid composition of angiosperm species from a savanna (seven species) seasonal rainforest (five using mass spectrometry. We found that all twelve studied contained their sap, including galactolipids, phospholipids triacylglycerol, with total concentration ranging 0.09 to 0.26 nmol/L. There was no difference or between plants two sites, negatively related species’ open vessel volume. Furthermore, showed little variation dry rainy season. These results support hypothesis are derived cytoplasm individual conduit cells, trapped inside conduits, undergo few changes over consecutive seasons. A lipidomic data set, which includes 12 tree study 11 literature, revealed phylogenetic signals these species. This fills knowledge gap content trees provides additional common distribution woody angiosperms. It appears adaptive significance.

Language: Английский

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Rapid leaf xylem acclimation diminishes the chances of embolism in grapevines

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(21), P. 6836 - 6846

Published: Sept. 2, 2023

Abstract Under most conditions tight stomatal regulation in grapevines (Vitis vinifera) avoids xylem embolism. The current study evaluated grapevine responses to challenging scenarios that might lead leaf embolism and consequential damage. We hypothesized would occur if the vines experienced low water potential (Ψx) shortly after bud break or later season under a combination of extreme drought heat. subjected two potentially dangerous environments: (i) withholding irrigation from vineyard grown heatwave-prone environment, (ii) subjecting potted terminal 1 month break. In field experiment, heatwave at beginning August resulted temperatures over 45 °C. However, effective response maintained well above threshold, no desiccation was observed. pot leaves well-watered May were relatively vulnerable with 50% (P50) –1.8 MPa. when exposed drought, these acclimated their P50 by 0.65 MPa less than week before reaching values. When dried embolizing Ψx, damage proportion matched (percentage-wise) level. Our findings indicate are usually avoided grapevines’ efficient rapid acclimation vulnerability.

Language: Английский

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Tree species differ in plant economic spectrum traits in the tropical dry forest of Mexico

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(11), P. e0293430 - e0293430

Published: Nov. 9, 2023

In tropical dry forests, studies on wood anatomical traits have concentrated mainly variations in vessel diameter and frequency. Recent research suggests that parenchyma fibers also play an important role water conduction xylem hydraulic safety. However, these relationships are not fully understood, trait variation among different functional profiles as well their under availability scenarios been little studied. this work, we aim to (1) characterize a set of six selected tree species represent the economic spectrum (2) assess three rainfall regimes, (3) determine between possible trade-offs. Differences sites were explored. Linear mixed models fitted, model comparison was performed. Most occurred along spectrum. Obligate deciduous, low density characterized by with wide vessels frequency, suggesting high transport capacity but sensitivity drought. Moreover, cell fractions carbon storage found related occurrence abundant or septate fibers. Contrary what most show, Cochlospermum vitifolium, succulent species, presented greatest traits. Facultative sturdy vascular system may favor resistance cavitation reserve storage. our expectations, regimes generally all mostly traits, while fiber species. Strong associations trade-offs for studied forests.

Language: Английский

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Assessing inter‐intraspecific variability of leaf vulnerability to embolism for 10 alpine Rhododendron species growing in Southwestern China

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 176(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Alpine Rhododendron species are prominent constituents and renowned ornamental plants in alpine ecosystems. Consequently, evaluating the genetic variation embolism resistance within genus predicting their adaptability to future climate change is important. Nevertheless, assessment of remains limited. This investigation aimed examine leaf vulnerability across ten species, which frequently employed as forests Southwest China. The study analyzed correlation between various morphological traits, while also conducting water control experiments evaluate relationship drought resistance. outcomes indicated pronounced variations among reflected by potential at 50% embolized pixels ( P 50 ). Furthermore, exhibited a significant positive with vessel diameter D ) (R 2 = 0.44, 0.03) wall span (b) 0.64, 0.005), displaying negative reinforcement ((t/b) 0.67, 0.004). These findings underscore reliability selecting based on preserve diversity ecosystems foster resilience change.

Language: Английский

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Better safe than sorry: the unexpected drought tolerance of a wetland plant (Cyperus alternifolius L.)

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 177(1)

Published: Dec. 26, 2024

Abstract A common assumption of plant hydraulic physiology is that high efficiency must come at the cost safety, generating a trade‐off raises doubts about possibility selecting both productive and drought‐tolerant herbaceous crops. Wetland plants typically display productivity, which requires to sustain transpiration rates coupled CO 2 uptake. Previous studies have suggested vulnerability xylem embolism different wetland plants, in line with expected trade‐offs. However, some hygrophytes like Cyperus alternifolius L. can also experience prolonged periods low water levels leading substantial drought stress. We conducted an in‐depth investigation this species' safety by combining gas exchange measurements, measurements leaf optical embolism, determination cell turgor changes under drought. Our data confirm species, but same time, reveal its surprising tolerance terms loss point critical potential values inducing failure, were well below full stomatal closure. C. emerges as highly well‐equipped tolerate via combination early closure delayed onset damage. The species might represent model develop crops two most desirable traits cultivated i.e., yield significant tolerance.

Language: Английский

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Linking leaf embolism resistance with pit membrane characteristics

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 190(1), P. 185 - 187

Published: June 15, 2022

Language: Английский

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Species Recognition of Bitten Leaves Based on Multi-Parameters with BP Neural Network

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 2, 2022

Abstract There are many species of leaves in nature. The complete easy for identification, while bitten hinder the recognition leaf species. In order to accurately recognize injured and damaged leaves, firstly, a system GUI (Graphical User Interface) was designed, then cameras iPhone 12 Pro Max used collect insect-bitten pictures, obtain color characteristics shape by image processing technology, combine neural network algorithms type broken with insect bite. Results this experiment show that method can quickly effectively provide an efficient accurate plant.

Language: Английский

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