Indoor Air Sources of Outdoor Air Pollution: Health Consequences, Policy, and Recommendations: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report

Annals of the American Thoracic Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 365 - 376

Published: March 1, 2024

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <

Language: Английский

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Urban Heat Island Impacts on Heat-Related Cardiovascular Morbidity: A Time Series Analysis of Older Adults in US Metropolitan Areas

Environment International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 178, P. 108005 - 108005

Published: June 9, 2023

Many United States (US) cities are experiencing urban heat islands (UHIs) and climate change-driven temperature increases. Extreme increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, yet little is known about how this association varies with UHI intensity (UHII) within between cities. We aimed to identify the populations most at-risk of burdened by heat-related CVD morbidity in UHI-affected areas compared unaffected areas. ZIP code-level daily counts hospitalizations among Medicare enrollees, aged 65-114, were obtained for 120 US metropolitan statistical (MSAs) 2000-2017. Mean ambient exposure was estimated interpolating weather station observations. codes classified as low high UHII using first fourth quartiles an existing surface metric, weighted each have 25% all hospitalizations. MSA-specific associations hospitalization quasi-Poisson regression distributed lag non-linear models pooled via multivariate meta-analyses. Across US, extreme (MSA-specific 99th percentile, on average 28.6 °C) increased risk 1.5% (95% CI: 0.4%, 2.6%), considerable variation MSAs. (2.4% [95% 4.3%]) exceeded that (1.0% -0.8%, 2.8%]), upwards a 10% difference some During 18-year study period, there 37,028 35,741, 37,988) heat-attributable admissions. High accounted 35% total burden, while 4%. disproportionately impacted already heat-vulnerable populations; females, individuals 75-114, those chronic conditions living experienced largest impacts. Overall, burden older populations, UHIs exacerbating these impacts vulnerabilities.

Language: Английский

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Urban tree cover provides consistent mitigation of extreme heat in arid but not humid cities

Sustainable Cities and Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 113, P. 105677 - 105677

Published: July 17, 2024

Urban land cover types influence the urban microclimates. However, recent work indicates magnitude of cover's microclimate is affected by aridity. Moreover, this variation in cooling and warming potentials can substantially alter exposure areas to extreme heat. Our goal understand both relative influences on local air temperature, as well how these vary during periods To do so we apply predictive machine learning models an extensive in-situ 1 m dataset across eight U.S. cities spanning a wide aridity gradient typical heat conditions. We demonstrate tree canopy buildings linearly scales with regional aridity, while turf impervious surfaces does not. These interactions lead consistently mitigate temperature increases arid cities, humid regions varied, suggesting that mitigation possible, but also aggravate or have no significant effect.

Language: Английский

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Legacies of redlining lead to unequal cooling effects of urban tree canopy

Landscape and Urban Planning, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 246, P. 105028 - 105028

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Current inequality and future potential of US urban tree cover for reducing heat-related health impacts

npj Urban Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: April 8, 2024

Abstract Excessive heat is a major and growing risk for urban residents. Here, we estimate the inequality in summertime heat-related mortality, morbidity, electricity consumption across 5723 US municipalities other places, housing 180 million people during 2020 census. On average, trees majority non-Hispanic white neighborhoods cool air by 0.19 ± 0.05 °C more than POC neighborhoods, leading annually to helping prevent 190 139 deaths, 30,131 10,406 doctors’ visits, 1.4 0.5 terawatt-hours (TWhr) neighborhoods. We that an ambitious reforestation program would require 1.2 billion reduce population-weighted average summer temperatures additional 0.38 0.01 °C. This temperature reduction annual mortality 464 89 people, morbidity 80,785 6110 cases, 4.3 0.2 TWhr, while increasing carbon sequestration 23.7 MtCO 2 e yr −1 decreasing electricity-related GHG emissions 2.1 . The total economic value of these benefits, including avoided emissions, be USD 9.6 billion, although many cost planting maintaining achieve this increased tree cover exceed benefits. exception areas currently have less cover, often POC, which tend relatively high return on investment from planting.

Language: Английский

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Climate change and health: rethinking public health messaging for wildfire smoke and extreme heat co-exposures

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 25, 2024

With the growing climate change crisis, public health agencies and practitioners must increasingly develop guidance documents addressing risks protective measures associated with multi-hazard events. Our Policy Practice Review aims to assess current related messaging about co-exposure wildfire smoke extreme heat recommend strengthened better protect people from these climate-sensitive hazards. We reviewed published by governmental between January 2013 May 2023 in Canada United States. Publicly available resources were eligible if they discussed co-occurrence of mentioned personal interventions (protective measures) prevent exposure either hazard. local, regional, national agency resources, such as online fact sheets documents. assessed according four themes, including (1) discussions around vulnerable groups risk factors, (2) symptoms exposures, (3) each individually, (4) combined exposure. Additionally, we conducted a detailed assessment mitigate found 15 public-facing that provided co-exposure; however, only one all themes. identified 21 distinct across resources. There is considerable variability inconsistency regarding types level detail described measures. Of measures, nine may against both hazards simultaneously, suggesting opportunities emphasize particular messages address together. More precise, complete, coordinated would outcomes attributable co-exposures.

Language: Английский

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Climate change and public health in California: A structured review of exposures, vulnerable populations, and adaptation measures

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(32)

Published: July 29, 2024

California faces several serious direct and indirect climate exposures that can adversely affect public health, some of which are already occurring. The health burden now in the future will depend on atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, underlying population vulnerabilities, adaptation efforts. Here, we present a structured review recent literature to examine leading risks California, including extreme heat, precipitation, wildfires, air pollution, infectious diseases. Comparisons among different climate-health pathways difficult due inconsistencies study design regarding spatial temporal scales outcomes examined. We find, however, current likely affects thousands Californians each year, depending exposure pathway outcome. Further, while more evidence exists for proximal effects focus this review, distal (e.g., impacts drought nutrition) uncertain but could add burden. find measures provide significant benefits, particularly disadvantaged communities. conclude with priority recommendations analyses solution-driven policy actions.

Language: Английский

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The temporal change of heat exposure and adaptation capacity in Chinese adults from 1994 to 2023

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Background Studies have found decreased heat effect and increased minimum mortality temperature (MMT) during the past decades. However, it is unclear whether exposure or adaptation play an important role in this change. Methods This a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 3,094 respondents aged 31–64 years old based on online questionnaire. The Cochran-Armitage test for trend Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel (CMH) used difference between three Chi square was employed to compare different demographic subgroups 2014–2023. Multivariate logistic regression model analyze risk factors of air conditioner ownership. Results Most (94.6%) thought ambient had been increasing, 57.0% people climate change impacted their health. Long duration outdoors work (≥4 h) 36.01, 30.93 24.53% (Z = −9.80, p &lt; 0.01) bicycling/walking 62.3, 27.9, 9.7% (CMH value 156.40, significantly last Temperature capacity with ownership rates increasing 25.40, 57.63 81.51% at home −44.35, 22.24, 57.47 80.51% office/school −45.95, 0.01), older adult, women, low income, outdoor work, education, northern China lower rates. frequency usage when felt hot also escalated both (from 42.6%, 54.9, 63.4%, CMH 0.0001) 61.8, 63.1 72.7%, 65.29, same periods. Conclusion Our study that most perceived changed behaviors adapt heat. Heat findings implied heat-related health burden driven by global warming may not increase future.

Language: Английский

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Climate Gaps: Disparities in residential air conditioning access across ten US metropolitan areas

Applied Geography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 176, P. 103537 - 103537

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Language: Английский

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Association between urban heat islands and heat-related mortality in 70 pairs of adjacent urban-rural counties among 8 topographic regions in China

Sustainable Cities and Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106182 - 106182

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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