A virus associated with the zoonotic pathogen Plasmodium knowlesi causing human malaria is a member of a diverse and unclassified viral taxon

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 19, 2024

ABSTRACT Apicomplexa are single-celled eukaryotes that can infect humans and include the mosquito-borne parasite Plasmodium , cause of malaria. Increasing rates drug resistance in human-only species reducing efficacy control efforts antimalarial treatments. There also rising cases P. knowlesi only zoonotic causes severe disease death humans. Thus, there is a need to develop additional innovative strategies combat Viruses non- spp. disease-causing protozoa have been shown affect pathogen life cycle outcomes. However, one virus (Matryoshka RNA 1) has identified none species. The rapid expansion known virosphere using structure- artificial intelligence-based methods suggests this dearth due divergent nature viruses protozoa. We leveraged these newly uncovered data sets explore virome human-infecting collected Sabah, east (Borneo) Malaysia. highly two isolates related unclassified group ‘ormycoviruses’. By characterising fifteen ormycoviruses transcriptomes arthropods we show exhibits complex ecology at arthropod-mammal interface. Through application intelligence methods, then demonstrate part diverse viral taxon. This first observation an linking small-scale experimental large-scale discovery advances, characterise diversity genomic architecture approach should be used further better understand how protozoa-infecting may fitness, pathobiology, treatment

Language: Английский

Prevalence and Diversity of Haemosporidian-Associated Matryoshka RNA Viruses in a Natural Population of Wild Birds

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 23, 2024

Abstract Matryoshka RNA viruses (MaRNAV) have previously been detected using bioinformatics and limited PCR approaches. They are associated with haemosporidian parasite infections, yet their prevalence diversity in wild bird populations remains largely unknown. To investigate the of MaRNAV, we examined blood samples collected from passerine birds raptors San Francisco Bay Area. Samples were first screened for infections followed by sequencing (RNAseq) reverse transcriptase (RT) to detect MaRNAV. Our analyses identified two novel MaRNAV (MaRNAV-5 −6) infecting various species harboring diverse Haemoproteus Leucocytozoon lineages. MaRNAV-5, , exhibited 71.3% amino acid identity MaRNAV-4, also was found across 15 different species. MaRNAV-6, linked shared 72.9% Leucocytozoon- MaRNAV-3 exclusively 4 raptor Prevalence 44.79% MaRNAV-5 haemosporidian-infected passerines 22.22% MaRNAV-6 raptors. These not uninfected similarly tested via RNAseq RT-PCR consistently only infected haemosporidia. Sanger revealed high similarity viral sequences species, even orders. findings indicate a among local birds, as well potential specificity haemosporidia genera, suggesting impacts on health ecology. We propose life-cycle model this group where insect vector is primary host, acts virus’ “vector” reach its next host. Further research needed determine impact these avian systems.

Language: Английский

A virus associated with the zoonotic pathogen Plasmodium knowlesi causing human malaria is a member of a diverse and unclassified viral taxon

Virus Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract The Apicomplexa are a phylum of single-celled eukaryotes that can infect humans and include the mosquito-borne parasite Plasmodium, cause malaria. Viruses non-Plasmodium spp. disease-causing protozoa affect pathogen life cycle disease outcomes. However, only one RNA virus (Matryoshka 1) has been identified in none have zoonotic Plasmodium species. rapid expansion known virosphere via metagenomic sequencing suggests this dearth is due to divergent nature viruses protozoa. We leveraged newly uncovered data sets explore virome human-infecting species collected Sabah, east (Borneo) Malaysia. From this, we highly two P. knowlesi isolates related unclassified group ‘ormycoviruses’. By characterizing 15 additional ormycoviruses transcriptomes arthropods, show exhibits complex ecology as noninfecting passengers at arthropod–mammal interface. With addition viral diversity discovered using artificial intelligence–based analysis data, also demonstrate part diverse taxon. This first observation an linking small-scale experimental advances large-scale discovery, characterize confirm putative genomic architecture approach be used further better understand how protozoa-infecting may fitness, pathobiology, treatment

Language: Английский