Key Challenges in Plant Pathology in the Next Decade

Phytopathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 114(5), P. 837 - 842

Published: May 1, 2024

Plant diseases significantly impact food security and safety. It was estimated that production needs to increase by 50% feed the projected 9.3 billion people 2050. Yet, plant pathogens pests are documented cause up 40% yield losses in major crops, including maize, rice, wheat, resulting annual worldwide economic of approximately US$220 billion. Yield due be 21.5% (10.1 28.1%) 30.3% (24.6 40.9%) 22.6% (19.5 41.4%) maize. In March 2023, The American Phytopathological Society (APS) conducted a survey identify rank key challenges pathology next decade. Phytopathology subsequently invited papers address those pathology, these were published as special issue. identified include climate change effect on disease triangle outbreaks, resistance mechanisms its applications, specific caused Candidatus Liberibacter spp. Xylella fastidiosa. Additionally, detection, natural man-made disasters, control strategies explored issue articles. Finally, aspects open access how publish articles maximize Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reuse digital assets described. Only identifying tracking progress developing solutions for them will we able resolve issues ultimately ensure health, security,

Language: Английский

Transformation‐based gene silencing and functional characterization of an ISC effector reveal how a powdery mildew fungus disturbs salicylic acid biosynthesis and immune response in the plant

Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Abstract Obligate biotrophic powdery mildew fungi infect a wide range of economically important plants. These often deliver effector proteins into the host tissues to suppress plant immunity and sustain infection. The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) is one most signals that activate against pathogens. However, how effectors interact with SA signalling poorly understood. Isochorismatase (ISC) from two other filamentous pathogens have been found inhibit biosynthesis by hydrolysing isochorismate, main precursor in cytosol. Here, we identified an ISC effector, named EqIsc1, rubber tree fungus Erysiphe quercicola . In enzyme assays, EqIsc1 displayed activity transferring isochorismate 2,3‐dihydro‐2,3‐dihydroxybenzoate vitro transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana EqIsc1‐expressing Arabidopsis thaliana , SA‐mediated immune response were significantly inhibited. addition, developed electroporation‐mediated transformation method for genetic manipulation E. Inoculation leaves ‐silenced strain induced immunity. We also detected translocation cytosol during interaction between its host. Taken together, our results suggest functions as hydrolyse cytosol, altering response.

Language: Английский