The vector regulation hypothesis: dynamic competition between pathogen and vector behaviors constrains Xylella fastidiosa biofilm development in sharpshooter foreguts DOI
Elaine A. Backus, Holly J. Shugart

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 90(11)

Published: Nov. 4, 2024

ABSTRACT Xylella fastidiosa ( Xf ) bacteria form biofilm on the cuticular surfaces of functional foregut (precibarium and cibarium) its vectors, xylem fluid-ingesting sharpshooter leafhoppers spittlebugs. While much is known about development maturation in vitro , little these processes vectors. Real-time (RT)-PCR was used to quantify genomes daily foreguts blue-green sharpshooters, Graphocephala atropunctata, over 7 days exposure infected grapevines. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examine formation at 4 that time course. PCR showed populations building reducing a 4-day cycle. SEM revealed variability quantity location bacterial attachment. Only early-stage occurred low-turbulence areas cibarium, while high-turbulence cibarium precibarium had rare but older, more developed macro-colonies. Biofilm almost absent left behind adhesive material remnants prior colonization. Evidence supports hypothesis colonization repeatedly interrupted constrained by vector. Behaviors such as egestion enzymatic salivation likely can loosen eject biofilm, perhaps when profuse interferes with ingestion. Thus, vector acquisition dynamic stochastic process interactions between insects. We further hypothesize for future testing insect regulate this interaction. A deep understanding will aid ongoing grapevine resistance transmission xylellae diseases. IMPORTANCE one most destructive invasive plant pathogens world, able hijack new vectors it invades region; yet temporal interplay behavior unknown. This paper describes important findings vector, contrasting similarities differences . Results support constrains may formation, competition bacterium. The data from partly explain why so successful invasion. Because bacterium be acquired inoculated very quickly, move readily old host plants all-new environments. Our are relevant biosecurity decisions because they demonstrate importance identifying potential species invasion front.

Language: Английский

Key Challenges in Plant Pathology in the Next Decade DOI
Nian Wang, George W. Sundin, Leonardo De La Fuente

et al.

Phytopathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 114(5), P. 837 - 842

Published: May 1, 2024

Plant diseases significantly impact food security and safety. It was estimated that production needs to increase by 50% feed the projected 9.3 billion people 2050. Yet, plant pathogens pests are documented cause up 40% yield losses in major crops, including maize, rice, wheat, resulting annual worldwide economic of approximately US$220 billion. Yield due be 21.5% (10.1 28.1%) 30.3% (24.6 40.9%) 22.6% (19.5 41.4%) maize. In March 2023, The American Phytopathological Society (APS) conducted a survey identify rank key challenges pathology next decade. Phytopathology subsequently invited papers address those pathology, these were published as special issue. identified include climate change effect on disease triangle outbreaks, resistance mechanisms its applications, specific caused Candidatus Liberibacter spp. Xylella fastidiosa. Additionally, detection, natural man-made disasters, control strategies explored issue articles. Finally, aspects open access how publish articles maximize Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reuse digital assets described. Only identifying tracking progress developing solutions for them will we able resolve issues ultimately ensure health, security,

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Pseudogenes and host specialization in the emergent bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa DOI Creative Commons

Navdeep Kaur,

Neha Potnis, Leonardo De La Fuente

et al.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 10, 2025

ABSTRACT Pseudogenes are regarded as “junk” DNA, representing vestigial functions no longer needed for fitness. Accordingly, a higher number of pseudogenes in bacterial human pathogen was previously hypothesized to be hallmark host specialists. In this study, we tested hypothesis on the emergent plant Xylella fastidiosa ( Xf ) link pseudogene makeup and specificity. is an ideal subject these studies by being xylem-limited that underwent extensive genome reduction. Using natural range data 151 strains Pseudofinder analysis whole sequences, observed subsp. sandyi had highest content, followed morus , while pauca multiplex lowest. The first two subspecies known have limited compared others, aligning with greater corresponding narrower range. Weed isolates presumably specialists because they content. thorough map across genomes empirical pathogenicity blueberries, screened genes potentially involved blueberry specialization. Targets were identified selecting sequences pseudogenized (i) infecting hosts different from (ii) only asymptomatic strains. Six potential role infection, including one common between criteria. Here, generated hypotheses specificity need experimentally help understand devastating pathogen. IMPORTANCE highly destructive infects hundreds landscape agriculturally important species mainly Europe Americas. Nevertheless, specific genotypes underlying mechanisms remain unclear. These aspects determine risk infection areas depending genetic population present. This study offers valuable insights into pseudogenization X. strains, linking it Despite information available pathogen, research proposes relationship abundance findings essential predicting shifts aiding development strategies prevent its spread. Additionally, identification candidate putatively symptom blueberries targets prevention control efforts.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Visually Asymptomatic Leaf Loss in Xylella fastidiosa-Infected Blueberry Plants DOI Creative Commons
Paul M. Severns, Jonathan E. Oliver

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 904 - 904

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

(Xf), a gram-negative bacterium, is notorious, world-wide plant pathogen with an extended latent period that presents challenge for early disease detection and control interventions. We used thermal imaging of tissue-cultured, experimentally Xf-infected blueberry plants to identify visually pre-symptomatic leaves compared the minimum force required dislodge symptomatic from infected on uninfected (control) plants. For two different cultivars one pathogenic isolate

Language: Английский

Citations

1
The vector regulation hypothesis: dynamic competition between pathogen and vector behaviors constrains Xylella fastidiosa biofilm development in sharpshooter foreguts DOI
Elaine A. Backus, Holly J. Shugart

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 90(11)

Published: Nov. 4, 2024

ABSTRACT Xylella fastidiosa ( Xf ) bacteria form biofilm on the cuticular surfaces of functional foregut (precibarium and cibarium) its vectors, xylem fluid-ingesting sharpshooter leafhoppers spittlebugs. While much is known about development maturation in vitro , little these processes vectors. Real-time (RT)-PCR was used to quantify genomes daily foreguts blue-green sharpshooters, Graphocephala atropunctata, over 7 days exposure infected grapevines. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examine formation at 4 that time course. PCR showed populations building reducing a 4-day cycle. SEM revealed variability quantity location bacterial attachment. Only early-stage occurred low-turbulence areas cibarium, while high-turbulence cibarium precibarium had rare but older, more developed macro-colonies. Biofilm almost absent left behind adhesive material remnants prior colonization. Evidence supports hypothesis colonization repeatedly interrupted constrained by vector. Behaviors such as egestion enzymatic salivation likely can loosen eject biofilm, perhaps when profuse interferes with ingestion. Thus, vector acquisition dynamic stochastic process interactions between insects. We further hypothesize for future testing insect regulate this interaction. A deep understanding will aid ongoing grapevine resistance transmission xylellae diseases. IMPORTANCE one most destructive invasive plant pathogens world, able hijack new vectors it invades region; yet temporal interplay behavior unknown. This paper describes important findings vector, contrasting similarities differences . Results support constrains may formation, competition bacterium. The data from partly explain why so successful invasion. Because bacterium be acquired inoculated very quickly, move readily old host plants all-new environments. Our are relevant biosecurity decisions because they demonstrate importance identifying potential species invasion front.

Language: Английский

Citations

0