The Effects of Historical Housing Policies on Resident Exposure to Intra-Urban Heat: A Study of 108 US Urban Areas

Climate, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 12 - 12

Published: Jan. 13, 2020

The increasing intensity, duration, and frequency of heat waves due to human-caused climate change puts historically underserved populations in a heightened state precarity, as studies observe that vulnerable communities—especially those within urban areas the United States—are disproportionately exposed extreme heat. Lacking, however, are insights into fundamental questions about role historical housing policies cauterizing current exposure inequities like intra-urban Here, we explore relationship between “redlining”, or practice refusing home loans insurance whole neighborhoods based on racially motivated perception safety for investment, with present-day summertime land surface temperature anomalies. Through spatial analysis 108 States, ask two questions: (1) how do redlined relate patterns heat? (2) these vary by US Census Bureau region? Our results reveal 94% studied display consistent city-scale elevated temperatures formerly relative their non-redlined neighbors much 7 °C. Regionally, Southeast Western cities greatest differences while Midwest least. Nationally, approximately 2.6 °C warmer than areas. While trends partly attributable preponderance impervious cover tree canopy areas, which also examine, other factors may be driving differences. This study reveals may, fact, directly responsible disproportionate events.

Language: Английский

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Anthropogenic emissions and urbanization increase risk of compound hot extremes in cities

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1084 - 1089

Published: Nov. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Night and day: The influence and relative importance of urban characteristics on remotely sensed land surface temperature

Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 247, P. 111861 - 111861

Published: June 5, 2020

Language: Английский

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Urban Heat Island: Causes, Consequences, and Mitigation Measures with Emphasis on Reflective and Permeable Pavements

CivilEng, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 459 - 484

Published: June 9, 2021

Economic and social development of urban rural areas continues in parallel with the increase human population, especially developing countries, which leads to sustained expansion impervious surface areas, particularly paved surfaces. The conversion pervious surfaces significantly modifies local energy balance contributes heat island (UHI) formation, mainly densely developed cities. This paper represents a literature review on causes consequences UHI potential measures that could be adopted improve microclimate. primary focus is discuss summarise significant findings phenomenon its consequences, such as impact thermal comfort health, consumption, air pollution, water quality deterioration. Regarding mitigate UHI, particular emphasis given reflective permeable pavements.

Language: Английский

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Heat waves in summer 2022 and increasing concern regarding heat waves in general

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 100290 - 100290

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

Keyfigure (only for graphical abstract online)

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Coexposure to Extremes of Heat and Particulate Air Pollution on Mortality in California: Implications for Climate Change

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 206(9), P. 1117 - 1127

Published: June 21, 2022

Rationale: Extremes of heat and particulate air pollution threaten human health are becoming more frequent because climate change. Understanding the impacts coexposure to extreme is urgent. Objectives: To estimate association acute ambient fine matter (PM2.5) with all-cause, cardiovascular, respiratory mortality in California from 2014 2019. Methods: We used a case-crossover study design time-stratified matching using conditional logistic regression associations coexposures PM2.5. For each case day (date death) its control days, daily average PM2.5 maximum minimum temperatures were assigned (0- 3-day lag) on basis decedent’s residence census tract. Measurements Main Results: All-cause risk increased 6.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1–8.1) temperature-only days 5.0% CI, 3.0–8.0) PM2.5-only compared nonextreme days. Risk by 21.0% 6.6–37.3) exposure both temperature Increased cardiovascular was 29.9% 3.3–63.3) 38.0% −12.5 117.7), respectively, than sum individual effects only. A similar pattern observed for temperature. Effect estimates larger over age 75 years. Conclusions: Short-term alone individually associated mortality, but their had beyond effects.

Language: Английский

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Lower Urban Humidity Moderates Outdoor Heat Stress

AGU Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(5)

Published: Sept. 20, 2022

Abstract Surface temperature is often used to examine heat exposure in multi‐city studies and for informing urban mitigation efforts due scarcity of air measurements. Cities also have lower relative humidity, traditionally not accounted large‐scale observational risk assessments. Here, using crowdsourced measurements from over 40,000 weather stations ≈600 clusters Europe, we show the moderating effect this urbanization‐induced humidity reduction on outdoor stress during 2019 heatwave. We demonstrate that daytime differences index between their surroundings are weak, associations urban‐rural difference with background climate, generally examined surface perspective, diminished moisture feedbacks. spatial variability temperature, within these clusters—relevant detecting hotspots potential disparities exposure—and find a poor proxy intra‐urban distribution daytime. Finally, vegetation shows much weaker (∼1/6th as strong) than which has broad implications optimizing strategies. These findings valid operational metrics shaded conditions (apparent humidex), thermodynamic proxies (wet‐bulb temperature), empirical indices. Based evidence, lack better alternatives, may be suitable accurately strategies across cities, necessitating more urban‐scale observations urban‐resolving models.

Language: Английский

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Economic valuation of temperature-related mortality attributed to urban heat islands in European cities

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 17, 2023

Abstract As the climate warms, increasing heat-related health risks are expected, and can be exacerbated by urban heat island (UHI) effect. UHIs also offer protection against cold weather, but a clear quantification of their impacts on human across diverse cities seasons is still being explored. Here we provide 500 m resolution assessment mortality associated with for 85 European in 2015-2017. Acute found during extremes, 45% median increase risk UHI, compared to 7% decrease extremes. However, protracted result greater integrated protective effects. On average, UHI-induced heat-/cold-related economic €192/€ − 314 per adult inhabitant year Europe, comparable air pollution transit costs. These findings urge strategies aimed at designing healthier consider seasonality UHI impacts, account social costs, controlling factors, intra-urban variability.

Language: Английский

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Potential benefits of cool roofs in reducing heat-related mortality during heatwaves in a European city

Environment International, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 127, P. 430 - 441

Published: April 5, 2019

Hot weather can exacerbate health conditions such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, lead to heat stroke death. In built up areas, temperatures are commonly observed be higher than those in surrounding rural due the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Climate change increasing urbanisation mean that future populations likely at increased risk of overheating cities, although building city scale interventions have potential reduce this risk. We use a regional model assess effect one type urban intervention – reflective ‘cool’ roofs local ambient temperatures, subsequent impact on heat-related mortality West Midlands, UK, with analysis undertaken for summer 2006, well two shorter heatwave periods 2006 2003. show over season, population-weighted UHI intensity (the difference between simulated temperature) was 1.1 °C average, but 1.8 when including only night times, reached maximum 9 Midlands. Our results suggest contributes 40% related period cool implemented across whole could potentially offset 18% seasonal associated (corresponding 7% total mortality). For periods, our modelling suggests centre daytime 2 m air temperature by 0.5 ~3 °C. Cool reduced average ~23%, ~25% during heatwave. were most effective reducing peak daytime, therefore limit dangerous extreme heatwaves. Temperature reductions dependent category buildings where applied; targeting commercial industrial contributed more half reduction periods. suggested modifying all industrial/commercial same high-intensity residential

Language: Английский

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Comparison of health risks by heat wave definition: Applicability of wet-bulb globe temperature for heat wave criteria

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 168, P. 158 - 170

Published: Sept. 26, 2018

Language: Английский

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