Immunomodulatory Activity of Cytokines in Hypertension: A Vascular Perspective

Hypertension, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(7), P. 1411 - 1423

Published: April 30, 2024

Cytokines play a crucial role in the structure and function of blood vessels hypertension. Hypertension damages by mechanisms linked to shear forces, activation renin-angiotensin-aldosterone sympathetic nervous systems, oxidative stress, proinflammatory milieu that lead generation neoantigens damage-associated molecular patterns, ultimately triggering release numerous cytokines. Damage-associated patterns are recognized PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) activate inflammatory endothelial cells, smooth muscle perivascular nerves, adipose tissue. Activated vascular cells also cytokines express factors attract macrophages, dendritic lymphocytes vessels. differentiated T into Th1, Th17, Th22 secondary lymphoid organs migrate vessels, releasing specific further contribute dysfunction remodeling. This chronic inflammation alters profile making them dysfunctional. Here, we provide an overview how hypertension impacting vasculature. Furthermore, explore clinical perspectives about modulation as potential therapeutic intervention specifically target hypertension-linked dysfunction.

Language: Английский

Role of Inflammatory and Proresolving Mediators in Endothelial Dysfunction

Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 136(5)

Published: March 31, 2025

ABSTRACT Excessive local inflammation is a common mechanism in many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysms. In endothelial cells, inflammatory cytokines interferons, tumour necrosis factor alpha or interleukins increase oxidative stress contractile prostanoids the expression of adhesion molecules that reduce nitric oxide (NO) availability bind leucocytes, thereby impairing function. Despite this evidence, anti‐inflammatory therapies are not yet indicated for treatment most CVD. Resolution mediated by family specialized pro‐resolving mediators (SPMs) act on cognate G protein–coupled receptors to limit immune cell infiltration initiate tissue repair. SPMs, generated from omega‐3 omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, belong four major families: lipoxins, resolvins, protectins maresins. SPM expressed vascular cells where they regulate important processes phagocytosis polarization, production cytokines, NO prostacyclin, modulation smooth muscle phenotype. Growing evidence animal models demonstrates activation can protect function structure provide beneficial effects various We will review recent advances role SPMs (dys)function atherosclerosis,

Language: Английский

Effects of 17β estradiol on blood pressure elevation in ovariectomized rats with collagen-induced arthritis via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis in the aorta involving TLR4/NOX4/NF-kβ and TGFβ1/fibronectin/α-SMA pathways

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 19, 2024

Language: Английский