Mixing on- and off-field measures for biodiversity conservation

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(8), P. 726 - 733

Published: May 4, 2024

The continuing biodiversity losses through agricultural expansion and intensification are dramatic. We argue that a mix of on- off-field measures is needed, overcoming the false dichotomy land sharing-sparing debate. Protected essential for global biodiversity, while spillover between farmed natural key to reducing species extinctions. This particularly effective in landscapes with small diversified fields. Focusing only on protected fails conserve wealth species, which often provide major ecosystem services such as pest control, pollination, cultural benefits. On-field must minimise yield prevent increased demand food imports from biodiversity-rich regions, requiring enforcement high social–ecological land-use standards ensure good life all.

Language: Английский

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Monitoring aerial insect biodiversity: a radar perspective

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1904)

Published: May 5, 2024

In the current biodiversity crisis, populations of many species have alarmingly declined, and insects are no exception to this general trend. Biodiversity monitoring has become an essential asset detect change but remains patchy challenging for organisms that small, inconspicuous or make (nocturnal) long-distance movements. Radars powerful remote-sensing tools can provide detailed information on intensity, timing, altitude spatial scale aerial movements might therefore be particularly suited their Importantly, they contribute several variables (EBVs) within a harmonized observation system. We review existing research using small-scale biological weather surveillance radars insect outline how derived measures quantities EBVs ‘species population’, traits’, ‘community composition’ ‘ecosystem function’. Furthermore, we synthesize ongoing future methodological, analytical technological advancements will greatly expand use radar beyond. Owing long-term regional-to-large-scale deployment, radar-based approaches in toolbox whose potential yet fully tapped. This article is part theme issue ‘Towards toolkit global monitoring’.

Language: Английский

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Recent increasing homogenisation in Austrian butterfly communities over the past decades

Oikos, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(4)

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

In Europe, abundance, biomass and species richness of many insect taxa declined during the last decades. This decline might be accompanied by long‐term temporal changes in community composition dominance orders. Here, we use data base natural history museum Salzburg based on records field books Austrian butterflies covering years 1945–2018 asked 1) whether how important butterfly guilds changed 2) these are accordance with reciprocal shifts abundances leading to increased functional stability. comparisons annual orders, found an increasing tendency compositional stability dominant species. The trend was most pronounced generalist dispersive species, while grassland, xerothermophilic sedentary tended decrease relative abundance. We also demonstrate a towards regional abundance rank did not find compelling evidence for subdominant same guild asynchronous population fluctuations as required models that link compensation Our study highlights ongoing faunal homogenisation at spatial scales European Alps.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Landscape Disturbance on Butterfly Communities: Diversity, Distance Dependence, and Neutral Model Predictions

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e03561 - e03561

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Importance of habitat area, quality and landscape context for heteropteran diversity in shrub ecotones

Landscape Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Context Habitat loss and degradation impose serious threats on biodiversity. However, not all habitats receive the attention commensurate with their ecological importance. Shrub ecotones (successional stages between grasslands forests) can be highly species-diverse but are often restricted to small areas as prevalent management practices either promote open grassland or forest habitats, threatening effective conservation of ecotone species. Objectives In this study, we assessed importance habitat landscape features shrub for rarely studied true bugs (Heteroptera), a functionally diverse taxon that comprises specialized species broad generalists. Methods True were sampled beating tray in 118 spatially independent region 45,000 square kilometers Germany. addition area context, used hedge index evaluate quality. Results harbored greater richness abundance compared shaded ones later seral stages, composition differed. Richness positively affected by increasing quality, whereas an increase proportion semi-natural within 1 km only enhanced richness. While feeding specialists more sensitive reduction than generalists, was case weak dispersers carnivores. Conclusions Our findings emphasize large high-quality form patchy mosaic shrubs herbaceous plants. Such benefit both depending woody Conservation authorities should balance promoting keeping such maximize diversity.

Language: Английский

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Temperature‐driven homogenization of an ant community over 60 years in a montane ecosystem

Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 105(5)

Published: April 9, 2024

Abstract Identifying the mechanisms underlying changes in distribution of species is critical to accurately predict how have responded and will respond climate change. Here, we take advantage a late‐1950s study on ant assemblages canyon near Boulder, Colorado, USA, understand why distributions changed over 60‐year period. Community composition 60 years with increasing compositional similarity among assemblages. differed significantly between periods, aspect tree cover influencing composition. Species that foraged broader temperature ranges became more widespread Our work highlights shifts community biotic homogenization can occur even undisturbed areas without strong habitat degradation. We also show power pairing historical contemporary data encourage mechanistic studies under

Language: Английский

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Comparative life‐history responses of lacewings to changes in temperature

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract Insects play a crucial role in all ecosystems, and are increasingly exposed to higher temperature extremes under climate change, which can have substantial effects on their abundances. However, the of changes abundances or population fitness filtered through differential responses life‐history components, such as survival, reproduction, development, environment. Such responses, trade‐offs, been widely studied birds mammals, but comparative studies insects largely lacking, limiting our understanding key mechanisms that may buffer exacerbate climate‐change across insect species. Here, we performed systematic literature review ecological lacewings (Neuroptera), predatory ecosystem pest regulation, investigate impact life cycle dynamics We found quantitative information, linking stage‐specific reproduction variation, for 62 species from 39 locations. then metanalysis calculating sensitives processes publications. developmental times consistently decreased with Survival however showed weaker response temperature, sensitivities varied substantially among After controlling effect processes, latter covaried two main axes variation related instar pupae suggesting presence trade‐offs. Our work provides new information help generalize expand demographic research. also discuss important remaining knowledge gaps, better assessment adult survival diapause.

Language: Английский

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Thermophilization and reshuffling of montane leaf beetle communities over a two‐decade period

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62(2), P. 321 - 331

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Abstract Given the sensitivity of mountain biodiversity to human pressure, it is essential quantify changes in montane biological communities and contrast them with expectations based on potential drivers change. This need particularly pressing for groups representing important but little‐studied fractions biodiversity, such as insects. We analyze temporal (between 1998 2015) leaf beetle an altitudinal gradient Sierra de Ancares (NW Spain). Our results show composition local communities, a tendency assemblage thermophilization, well homogenization spatial turnover pattern, mostly driven by increased similarity between at lower intermediate altitudes. These community structure were associated upward shifts upper limit warm‐adapted species downward cold‐adapted species. While this shift consistent climate change effects, observed suggests land‐use effect. point joint effect multiple factors (climate change) behind these which result compositional reorganization biotic homogenization, rather than mere coherent displacement toward higher More generally, we that understanding requires assessing community‐level metrics (e.g., variation and/or turnover) detection tendencies among species‐specific signals range shifts).

Language: Английский

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Fifty years of monitoring changes in the abundance of invertebrates in the cereal ecosystem of the Sussex Downs, England

Insect Conservation and Diversity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 758 - 787

Published: April 26, 2024

Abstract Changes in insect abundance are receiving much attention, with agricultural intensification considered to be one of the main drivers decline. We report on changes invertebrates collected cereal fields Sussex, Southern England, UK, from 1970 2019. Samples were taken using D‐vac suction sampling third week June an average 95 per year (4757 samples total, comprising 2,983,124 individual identified mainly family level). The study area comprises 12 farms, whose land use, crop rotations and intensity pesticide use also recorded, showing marked over time. Overall invertebrate declined by 37% across all taxa, 48% when excluding most numerous taxa (Collembola, Aphididae Thysanoptera). Declines for 47% 51 non‐overlapping at order or level, increases 16% no change 37%. Most declines occurred first decade study, 1990s. Latterly there have been further 2010. As functional groups, mycetophages, phytophages, predators (both aphid‐specific polyphagous), parasitoids cophrophages significantly, while was detectable pollinators. Four five measures avian chick‐food (corn bunting index) showed change. A multivariate constrained redundancy analysis revealed that cropping, field size, weather significantly explained variation taxa. For significant explanatory variables use. farming practices adoption such as integrated pest management, regenerative farming, agri‐environmental scheme options intercropping could help mitigate factors associated

Language: Английский

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Acceleration of Drosophila subobscura evolutionary response to global warming in Europe

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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