Forests,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(11), P. 1891 - 1891
Published: Oct. 26, 2024
Powdery
mildew
and
anthracnose
are
the
main
diseases
of
rubber
trees.
In
recent
years,
there
have
been
large
outbreaks
in
rubber-planting
areas
Asia,
seriously
affecting
yield
quality
latex.
ZAR1
is
a
conserved
distinctive
coiled-coil
nucleotide-binding
leucine-rich
(CNL)
repeat
plant
kingdom,
playing
crucial
role
disease-resistance
processes.
To
elucidate
function
HbZAR1
gene
trees
(Hevea
brasiliensis),
three
candidate
genes
were
identified
using
bioinformatics
methods
comprehensively
analyzed.
The
results
indicate
that
protein
different
species.
Examination
cis-regulatory
element
sequences
HbZAR1genes
reveals
promoter
exhibits
remarkable
enrichment
stress,
light,
hormone
elements.
An
expression
analysis
shows
levels
highest
bark
lowest
Three
can
respond
to
both
tree
Erysiphe
quercicola
Colletotrichum
siamense
infection;
especially,
HbZAR1.1
HbZAR1.2
show
significant
upregulation
during
early
stages
infection.
These
findings
suggest
may
be
involved
susceptibility
E.
C.
through
immune
mechanisms.
Subcellular
localization
expressed
nucleus
plasma
membrane.
This
study
also
activated
mutant
HbZAR1.1D481V
do
not
induce
stable
ROS
production
cell
death,
suggesting
possible
degradation,
functional
redundancy,
or
acting
as
minor
disease
resistance.
research
provides
valuable
insights
for
further
studying
mechanisms
molecules.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(5), P. 2087 - 2087
Published: Feb. 27, 2025
Nitric
oxide
(NO)
is
a
gaseous
free
radical
known
to
modulate
plant
metabolism
through
crosstalk
with
phytohormones
(especially
ABA,
SA,
JA,
and
ethylene)
other
signaling
molecules
(ROS,
H2S,
melatonin),
regulate
gene
expression
(by
influencing
DNA
methylation
histone
acetylation)
as
well
protein
function
post-translational
modifications
(cysteine
S-nitrosation,
metal
nitrosation,
tyrosine
nitration,
nitroalkylation).
Recently,
NO
has
gained
attention
molecule
promoting
crop
resistance
stress
conditions.
Herein,
we
review
innovations
from
the
field
nanotechnology
on
an
up-to-date
phytopathological
background.
aBIOTECH,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 27, 2025
RXLR
effectors
are
pathogenic
factors
secreted
from
oomycetes
to
manipulate
the
immunity
of
host.
Typical
contain
an
RXLR-dEER
motif
at
N-terminus,
whereas
atypical
RXLRs
show
variations
on
this
motif.
The
oomycete
Phytophthora
cactorum
is
known
infect
over
200
plant
species,
resulting
in
significant
agricultural
economic
losses.
Although
genome-wide
identification
and
functional
analyses
typical
P.
have
been
performed,
little
PcaRXLRs.
Here,
we
identified
RXLRs,
both
atypical,
compared
them
with
those
other
pathogens.
Fewer
were
possibly
due
fewer
duplication
events
RXLRs.
In
contrast,
percentage
was
higher
than
suggesting
roles
pathogenesis.
Analysis
gene
expression
showed
that
most
transcribed,
their
functionality.
Transient
two
Nicotiana
benthamiana
they
induced
necrosis
dependent
host
SGT1
HSP90.
Furthermore,
additional
suppressed
defense
response
N.
promoted
infection.
These
results
demonstrate
vital
role
provide
valuable
information
evolutionary
patterns
interactions
plants.
online
version
contains
supplementary
material
available
10.1007/s42994-025-00198-4.
BMC Plant Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
25(1)
Published: Feb. 26, 2025
The
Oleaceae
family,
encompassing
key
genera
such
as
Fraxinus
(ash
trees),
Olea
(olives),
Jasminum
(jasmine),
Syringa
(lilac),
and
Forsythia,
plays
a
crucial
ecological
economic
role.
Despite
their
importance,
the
evolutionary
dynamics
immune
system
adaptations
of
NLR
(Nucleotide
binding
leucine-rich
repeats)
gene
family
remain
largely
unexplored.
This
study
employs
high-throughput
comparative
genomics
to
investigate
evolution
across
family.
genus
is
widely
distributed
both
New
Old
Worlds,
with
23
distinct
species
analyzed
in
this
study.
Our
results
reveal
predominant
strategy
conservation
these
species.
Geographical
adaptation
has
played
significant
role,
particularly
World
ash
tree
species,
which
exhibit
dynamic
patterns
expansion
contraction
within
last
50
million
years.
Notably,
genes
acquired
from
an
ancient
whole
genome
duplication
event
(~
35
Mya)
have
been
retained
lineages.
In
contrast,
(olives)
undergone
extensive
driven
by
recent
duplications
birth
novel
families.
These
differences
likely
enhance
Olea's
ability
recognize
diverse
pathogens
through
expansions,
while
maintains
specialized
responses
conserved
genes,
potential
trade-offs
pathogen
energy
efficiency.
terms
distribution,
all
show
enhanced
pseudogenization
TIR-NLRs
CCG10-NLR.
However,
RNA-seq
expression
analysis
olive
suggests
that
partial
despite
incomplete
structure,
may
play
important
roles
plant
responses.
provides
comprehensive
offering
insights
into
adaptive
mechanisms
response
genera.
