Range contractions of the world's large carnivores

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 4(7), P. 170052 - 170052

Published: July 1, 2017

The majority of the world's terrestrial large carnivores have undergone substantial range contractions and many these species are currently threatened with extinction. However, there has been little effort to fully quantify extent carnivore contractions, which hinders our ability understand roles relative drivers such trends. Here we present analyse a newly constructed comprehensive set contraction maps. We reveal ranges contracted since historical times identify regions biomes where particularly large. In summary, that experienced greatest include red wolf (Canis rufus) (greater than 99%), Ethiopian simensis) (99%), tiger (Panthera tigris) (95%) lion leo) (94%). general, occurred in Southeastern Asia Africa. Motivated by ecological importance intact guilds, also examined spatial guilds both for entire world regionally. found occupy just 34% land area. This compares 96% historic times. Spatial modelling showed were significantly more likely high rural human population density, cattle density or cropland. Our results offer new insights into how best prevent further largest carnivores, will assist efforts conserve their important effects.

Language: Английский

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Conserving Africa’s wildlife and wildlands through the COVID-19 crisis and beyond

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(10), P. 1300 - 1310

Published: July 29, 2020

Language: Английский

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Herbivores at the highest risk of extinction among mammals, birds, and reptiles

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(32)

Published: Aug. 5, 2020

Herbivores have the highest representation of at-risk species in present day, recent past, and late Pleistocene.

Language: Английский

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Rewilding the world's large carnivores

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 172235 - 172235

Published: March 1, 2018

Earth's terrestrial large carnivores form a highly endangered group of species with unique conservation challenges. The majority these have experienced major geographical range contractions, which puts many them at high risk extinction or becoming ecologically ineffective. As result contractions and the associated loss intact predator guilds, ecological effects are now far less widespread common, inevitable consequences for ecosystem function. Rewilding—which includes reintroducing into portions their former ranges—is an important carnivore tool means restoring top-down regulation. We conducted global analysis potential reintroduction areas. first considered protected areas where one more been extirpated, identifying total 130 that may be most suitable reintroduction. These include sites in every world region, commonly found Mongolia ( n = 13), Canada 11), Thailand 9), Namibia 6), Indonesia 6) Australia 6). sizes areas, levels protection, extent human impacts within around status prey Finally, we used ‘last wild’ approach to identify contiguous low footprint regions ranges each species, additional 150 could focus efforts create conditions conducive reintroductions. were USA 14), Russia 10), China 9) Mauritania 8). Together, our results show global-scale rewilding projects both conserve provide critical social benefits.

Language: Английский

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Designing studies of predation risk for improved inference in carnivore-ungulate systems

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 232, P. 194 - 207

Published: Feb. 16, 2019

Quantifying both the lethal and non-lethal (or “risk”) effects of predation has emerged as a major research focus in carnivore-ungulate systems. While numerous studies have examined risk recent decades, lack standardization approaches impeded progress field. We provide an overview five study design considerations involved assessing responses prey systems, highlighting how different choices can impact strength scope inference. First, we stress importance distinguishing measures (probability being killed) from (costs antipredator behaviors response to risk). Second, recommend explicit consideration spatial temporal scales using standardized framework facilitate cross-study comparisons. Third, ungulates use visual, auditory, olfactory sensory pathways evaluate risk. Experiments that manipulate signals (e.g., auditory playbacks or application predator scent) be powerful approaches, but dosages types cues need carefully considered. Fourth, usually face threats multiple predators simultaneously, highlight potential for remote cameras structural equation modeling help address this challenge. Fifth, emerging technologies may substantially improve our ability assess discuss several promising technologies, such animal-borne video, unmanned aerial vehicles, physiological sensors. conclude with general recommendations design, which utility conservation management

Language: Английский

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Shining the spotlight on small mammalian carnivores: Global status and threats

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 255, P. 109005 - 109005

Published: Feb. 24, 2021

Language: Английский

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eDNA sampled from stream networks correlates with camera trap detection rates of terrestrial mammals

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: June 15, 2021

Biodiversity monitoring delivers vital information to those making conservation decisions. Comprehensively measuring terrestrial biodiversity usually requires costly methods that can rarely be deployed at large spatial scales over multiple time periods, limiting efficiency. Here we investigated the capacity of environmental DNA (eDNA) from stream water samples survey mammal diversity within a catchment. We compared recovered using an eDNA metabarcoding approach with data dense camera trap survey, as well sampling costs both methods. Via volumes two largest streams drained study area, provided on presence and detection probabilities 35 taxa, 25% more than traps for half cost. While had limited detect felid species provide individual-level demographic information, it is cost-efficient method large-scale mammals offer sufficient solve many problems.

Language: Английский

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Top predators as biodiversity indicators: A meta‐analysis

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 2062 - 2075

Published: July 23, 2022

Abstract Identifying efficient biodiversity indicators is a key pillar of the global conservation strategy. Top predators have been proposed as reliable signposts, but their role controversial. Here, we verified performance by meta‐analysis published studies and found solid support for efficacy indicators. As to be expected any indicator species, was stronger components ‘ecologically closer’ predator (i.e. broad groups that include species providing resources, such avian tree diversity bird‐eating nests in trees) declined more remote’ from (e.g. butterfly fish‐eating predator). This confirmed link between top predatory set context its functionality. These results show that, on average, are justified candidates prioritisation action based occurrence likely provide broader ecosystem benefits. However, should case‐by‐case basis, acknowledging no can portray everything, checking compatibility linked with established objectives ideally integrating other complementary groups.

Language: Английский

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First evidence of widespread positivity to anticoagulant rodenticides in grey wolves (Canis lupus)

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 915, P. 169990 - 169990

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Second-generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides (ARs) can be critical for carnivores, due to their widespread use and impacts. However, although many studies explored the impacts of ARs on small mesocarnivores, none assessed extent which they could contaminate large carnivores in anthropized landscapes. We filled this gap by exploring spatiotemporal trends grey wolf (Canis lupus) exposure central northern Italy, subjecting a sample dead wolves (n = 186) LC-MS/MS method. Most 115/186, 61.8 %) tested positive (1 compound, n 36; 2 compounds, 47; 3 16; 4 or more 16). Bromadiolone, brodifacoum difenacoum, were most common with bromadiolone being that co-occurred 61). Both probability testing multiple concentration brodifacoum, liver, systematically increased found at sites. Moreover, became likely test through time, particularly after 2020. Our results underline rodent control, based ARs, increases risks unintentional poisoning non-target wildlife. risk does not only involve but also top food chain, such as wolves. Therefore, control is adding one further conservation threat endangered landscapes Europe, whose severity increase over time far higher than previously thought. Large-scale monitoring schemes European should devised soon possible.

Language: Английский

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Spatio-temporal patterns of tigers in response to prey species and anthropogenic activities

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2039)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Understanding factors influencing the spatio-temporal patterns of apex predators is prerequisite for their conservation. We studied space use and diel activity tigers ( Panthera tigris ) in response to prey availability anthropogenic activities with trail cameras Nepal during December 2022–March 2023. used hierarchical occupancy models evaluate how (space species) (number humans livestock) contributed tigers’ use, while accounting landscape effects on detection probability. calculated overlap between each species, as well livestock. Overall, had relatively high (0.540 ± 0.092) probability (0.742 0.073), were most influenced by wild pig Sus scrofa ), gaur Bos gaurus number livestock detections. Tigers exhibited extensive temporal prey, but not or Our study demonstrates that can co-occur a altering potentially moving cryptically certain landscapes, provided adequate available. Management actions ensure benefit tiger

Language: Английский

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