Environmental parasitology: stressor effects on aquatic parasites

Trends in Parasitology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(6), P. 461 - 474

Published: April 14, 2023

Language: Английский

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A review of the role of parasites in the ecology of reptiles and amphibians

Austral Ecology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 44(3), P. 433 - 448

Published: Dec. 20, 2018

Abstract A great diversity of parasites, from viruses and bacteria to a range remarkable eukaryotic organisms, exploit reptile amphibian hosts. Recent increases in the emergence infectious disease have revealed importance understanding effects interactions between hosts their parasites. Here we review parasite infection on demographic, behavioural, genomic physiological factors species. Reviewing these roles collectively, prioritising areas for research, advances our ecological guides direction conservation time rapid species decline. Poorly resolved systems include Gymnophionan amphibians Crocodilian hosts, addition viral bacterial Future research should seek understand processes enabling population recovery examining synergistic parasites with fragmentation, climate change other that threaten persistence.

Language: Английский

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Brain diseases in changing climate

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 177, P. 108637 - 108637

Published: Aug. 8, 2019

Language: Английский

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Functional Roles of Parasitic Plants in a Warming World

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 53(1), P. 25 - 45

Published: July 25, 2022

We consider the mechanistic basis and functional significance of pervasive influence parasitic plants on productivity diversity, synthesizing recent findings their responses to drought, heat waves, fire. Although parasites represent just 1% all angiosperms, ecophysiological traits associated with parasitism confer pronounced impacts hosts disproportionate upon community structure, composition, broader ecosystem function. New insights into roles pollinators, seed dispersers, litter-dependent detritivores have advanced our understanding how modulate animal communities via extended complementary phenology. Direct indirect climate change ecological are already apparent. Trade-offs between maximizing efficiency at obtaining water from sensitivity stress underlie range shifts host switching increased reliance these by for food shelter.

Language: Английский

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Gauging support for macroecological patterns in helminth parasites

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 27(12), P. 1437 - 1447

Published: Oct. 11, 2018

Abstract Aim To explore spatial patterns of helminth parasite diversity, and to investigate three main macroecological – (a) latitude–diversity relationships, (b) positive scaling between host (c) species–area relationships using a largely underutilized global database occurrence records. Location Global. Methods We examined the London Natural History Museum’s collection records, consisting over 18,000 unique species 27,000 distributed across 350 distinct terrestrial aquatic localities. Results find support for latitudinal gradients in diversity strong relationship at scale. Helminth diversity–area were not detectable as function body mass, but larger geographic areas supported higher richness, potentially mediated through richness. Main conclusions Our findings indicate that parasites may obey some found free‐living species, suggesting offer further generality these patterns, while offering interesting counterexamples others. conclude with discussion future directions potential challenges newly emerging macroecology infectious disease.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary Dynamics of Plant-Pathogen Interactions

Published: Jan. 31, 2019

This volume sits at the cross-roads of a number areas scientific interest that, in past, have largely kept themselves separate - agriculture, forestry, population genetics, ecology, conservation biology, genomics and protection plant genetic resources. Yet these also lot common interests increasingly independent lines inquiry are tending to coalesce into more comprehensive view complexity plant-pathogen associations their ecological evolutionary dynamics. interdisciplinary source provides overview this changing situation by identifying role pathogens shaping populations, species communities, tackling issue increasing importance invasive newly emerging diseases giving broader recognition fundamental influence space time (as manifest metapopulation concept) driving epidemiological co-evolutionary trajectories.

Language: Английский

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Latitudinal gradients of parasite richness: a review and new insights from helminths of cricetid rodents

Ecography, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 42(7), P. 1315 - 1330

Published: Feb. 8, 2019

The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), or the trend of higher species richness at lower latitudes, has been well documented in multiple groups free‐living organisms. Investigations LDG parasitic organisms are comparatively scarce. Here, I investigated patterns parasite by reviewing published studies and conducting a novel investigation helminths (parasitic nematodes, trematodes cestodes) cricetid rodents (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Using host–parasite records from 175 communities 60 host species, tested for presence direction pattern helminth richness. Additionally, examined four abiotic factors (mean annual temperature, precipitation, temperature range precipitation range) two biotic variables (host body mass diet) as potential correlates analyses were performed with without phylogenetic comparative methods, necessary. In this system, followed traditional LDG, increasing decreasing latitude. Nematode appeared to drive pattern, cestodes exhibited reverse no respectively. Overall nematode areas mean temperatures, ranges ranges, characteristics that often typify latitudes. Cestode was while trematode showed relationship climate when methods used. Host diet significantly correlated cestode richness, Results study support complex association between latitude, indicate researchers should carefully consider other trying understand gradients

Language: Английский

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Recognizing Salinity Threats in the Climate Crisis

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 62(2), P. 441 - 460

Published: May 31, 2022

Abstract Climate change is causing habitat salinity to transform at unprecedented rates across the globe. While much of research on climate has focused rapid shifts in temperature, far less attention effects changes environmental salinity. Consequently, predictive studies physiological, evolutionary, and migratory responses organisms populations threats are relatively lacking. This omission represents a major oversight, given that among most important factors define biogeographic boundaries aquatic habitats. In this perspective, we briefly touch occurring contemporary time scales. We then discuss might confer resilience certain taxa, enabling them survive shifts. Next, consider approaches for predicting how geographic distributions will shift response change. Finally, identify additional data needed make better predictions future. Future should account multiple rapidly changing, especially

Language: Английский

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Current and future distribution of a parasite with complex life cycle under global change scenarios: Echinococcus multilocularis in Europe

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(9), P. 2436 - 2449

Published: Feb. 23, 2023

Global change is expected to have complex effects on the distribution and transmission patterns of zoonotic parasites. Modelling habitat suitability for parasites with life cycles essential further our understanding how disease systems respond environmental changes, make spatial predictions their future distributions. However, limited availability high quality occurrence data resolution often constrains these investigations. Using 449 reliable records Echinococcus multilocularis from across Europe published over last 35 years, we modelled this parasite, aetiological agent alveolar echinococcosis, in order describe its niche, predict current under three global scenarios, quantify probability each European country. a machine learning approach, developed large-scale (25 × 25 km) species models based seven sets predictors, set representing distinct biological hypothesis supported by knowledge autecology parasite. The best-supported included climatic, orographic land-use/land-cover variables such as temperature coldest quarter, forest cover, urban cover precipitation seasonality. Future projections suggested appearance highly suitable areas E. towards northern latitudes whole Alpine region all while decreases were predicted central Europe. Our spatially explicit shed light responses ongoing changes.

Language: Английский

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Host conservation through their parasites: molecular surveillance of vector-borne microorganisms in bats using ectoparasitic bat flies

Parasite, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27, P. 72 - 72

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Most vertebrates host a wide variety of haematophagous parasites, which may play an important role in the transmission vector-borne microorganisms to hosts. Surveillance is usually performed by collecting blood and/or tissue samples from vertebrate There are multiple methods obtain samples, can be stored for decades if properly kept. However, sampling considered invasive method and possibly harmful sampled individual. In this study, we investigated use ectoparasites as tool acquire molecular information about presence diversity infectious microorganism populations. We tested three distinct both bat flies: Bartonella bacteria, malaria-like Polychromophilus sp. (Apicomplexa), Trypanosoma (Kinetoplastea). detected these bats their flies, with exception South African flies. Additionally, found flies one population Spain, suggesting its even not bats. infection showed highest prevalence fly Single, co- triple infections were also frequently present both. highlight study alternative, less method.Conservation des hôtes grâce à leurs parasites : surveillance moléculaire microorganismes vectorielle chez les chauves-souris l’aide de mouches ectoparasites.La plupart vertébrés hébergent une grande variété hématophages, qui peuvent jouer un rôle dans la hôtes. La est généralement effectuée en prélevant échantillons sang et/ou tissus sur vertébrés. Il existe plusieurs méthodes pour obtenir échantillons, être conservés pendant décennies bonnes conditions. Cependant, le prélèvement sanguin considéré comme méthode et peut éventuellement nocif l’individu prélevé. Dans cette étude, nous avons étudié l’utilisation d’ectoparasites outil acquérir informations moléculaires présence diversité infectieux populations Nous testé trois distincts, transmis par vecteurs, bactéries Bartonella, (Apicomplexa) détecté ces fois chauves-souris, l’exception sud-africaines. De plus, trouvé d’une Espagne, ce suggère sa hôte même si elle n’est pas détectée elles-mêmes. Les ont montré prévalence plus élevée chauves-souris. Des simples, doubles triples étaient également fréquemment présentes deux cas. mettons évidence hématophages étudier l’hôte son utilisation alternative moins d’échantillonnage.

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