Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates and Individual Ageing

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 260 - 260

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Anti-ageing biology and medicine programmes are a focus of genetics, molecular biology, immunology, endocrinology, nutrition, therapy. This paper discusses metabolic therapies aimed at prolonging longevity and/or health. Individual components these effects postulated to be related the energy supply by tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates free radical production processes. article presents several theories ageing clinical descriptions top markers ageing, which define in different categories; additionally, their interactions with age-related changes diseases α-ketoglutarate (AKG) succinate SC formation metabolism pathological states explained. review describes convincingly differences mitochondrial characteristics animals, levels (high low) physiological reactivity functional systems state regulatory providing oxygen-dependent Much attention is given crucial role AKG cells amino synthesis, epigenetic regulation, cell stemness, differentiation, as well associated development conditions and, particular, cancer cells. Another goal was address issue terms individual reactivity. also demonstrated Krebs key component cellular closely various pathologies, such cancer, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular or neurodegenerative where mTOR pathway plays role. provides postulates postischaemic phenomena an organism demonstrates dependence accelerated pathology on studies species (roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, mice, humans used models). The findings suggest that this approach may useful show metabolites involved abnormalities thus induce reprogramming contributes senile phenotype degenerative diseases. compounds particularly important when considering mechanisms connected initial able initiate programmed depending intensity oxygen consumption, peculiarities, behavioural reactions.

Language: Английский

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Meta-analysis shows no consistent evidence for senescence in ejaculate traits across animals

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Abstract Male reproductive traits such as ejaculate size and quality, are expected to decline with advancing age due senescence. It is however unclear whether this expectation upheld across taxa. We perform a meta-analysis on 379 studies, quantify the effects of male 157 species non-human animals. Contrary predictions, we find no consistent pattern age-dependent changes in traits. This result partly reflects methodological limitations, studies sampling low proportion adult lifespan, or inability meta-analytical approaches document non-linear ageing trajectories traits; which could potentially lead an underestimation Yet, taxon-specific differences patterns For instance, older males produce less motile slower sperm ray-finned fishes, but larger ejaculates insects, compared younger males. Notably, lab rodents show senescence most measured. Our study challenges notion universal senescence, highlighting need for controlled methodologies more nuanced understanding cognisant biology, experimental design, selection pressures, life-history.

Language: Английский

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Extrinsic mortality and senescence: a guide for the perplexed

Peer Community Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: March 24, 2023

Do environments or species traits that lower the mortality of individuals create selection for delaying senescence? Reading literature creates an impression mathematically oriented biologists cannot agree on validity George Williams' prediction (who claimed 'yes'). The abundance models and opinions may bewilder those are new to field. Here we provide heuristics as well simple outline when Williams holds, why there is a ‘null model’ where extrinsic does not change evolution senescence at all, it also possible expect opposite William’s prediction, increased favours slower senescence. We hope offer intuition by quantifying how much ‘placement’ offspring into population reduces its expected contribution gene pool future. Our first example shows sometimes has no effect (the null result), density dependence can that. Thereafter, model with ten different choices regulation high fast life histories (Williams) if increasing harms production juveniles their chances recruit population. If instead survival older in population, then slow (anti-Williams). discuss possibility empirically found Williams-like patterns indirect evidence operating via harming fitness prospects juveniles, opposed established breeders.

Language: Английский

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Size- and age-dependent natural mortality in fish populations: Biology, models, implications, and a generalized length-inverse mortality paradigm

Fisheries Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 255, P. 106454 - 106454

Published: Aug. 6, 2022

Language: Английский

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Loss of Earth’s old, wise, and large animals

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 387(6729)

Published: Nov. 21, 2024

Earth’s old animals are in decline. Despite this, emerging research is revealing the vital contributions of older individuals to cultural transmission, population dynamics, and ecosystem processes services. Often largest most experienced, valued by humans make important reproduction, information acquisition trophic resistance resilience natural anthropogenic disturbance. These observations contrast with senescence-focused paradigm age that has dominated literature for more than a century yet consistent findings from behavioral ecology life history theory. In this work, we review why global loss can be particularly detrimental long-lived indeterminate growth; those increasing reproductive output age; dependent on migration, sociality, transmission survival. Longevity conservation needed protect ecological roles services provided animals.

Language: Английский

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Effects of reproductive status and experience on sexual motivation and mate preference in female guppies

Journal of Ethology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 15, 2025

Language: Английский

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A synthesis of senescence predictions for indeterminate growth, and support from multiple tests in wild lake trout

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 289(1966)

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

Senescence—the deterioration of functionality with age—varies widely across taxa in pattern and rate. Insights into why how this variation occurs are hindered by the predominance laboratory-focused research on short-lived model species determinate growth. We synthesize evolutionary theories senescence, highlight key information gaps clarify predictions for low mortality variable degrees indeterminate Lake trout an ideal to evaluate wild. monitored individual males from two populations (1976–2017) longitudinally changes adult (actuarial senescence) body condition (proxy energy balance). A cross-sectional approach (2017) compared young (ages 4–10 years) old (18–37 adults (i) phenotypic performance condition, semen quality—which is related fertility under sperm competition (reproductive senescence)—and (ii) relative telomere length (potential proxy cellular senescence). Adult growth these particular constrained a simplified foodweb, our data support negligible senescence when maximum size only slightly larger than maturation size. Negative (aka reverse may occur other lake where diet shifts allow sizes greatly exceed

Language: Английский

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Pace and parity predict the short‐term persistence of small plant populations

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Life history traits are used to predict asymptotic odds of extinction from dynamic conditions. Less is known about how life interact with stochasticity and population structure finite populations near-term extinction. Through empirically parameterized matrix models, we study the impact (reproduction, pace), (environmental, demographic), (existing, novel) on transient dynamics plant species. Among fast slow pace either a uniform or increasing reproductive intensity short long lifespan, slow, semelparous species at greatest risk Long lifespans buffer existing while novel decrease when effort uniformly spread across lifespan. Our highlights importance structure, pace, two distinct aspects parity for predicting

Language: Английский

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Sperm production is negatively associated with muscle and sperm telomere length in a species subjected to strong sperm competition

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(21), P. 5812 - 5822

Published: Oct. 4, 2023

Life-history theory suggests that ageing is one of the costs reproduction. Accordingly, a higher reproductive allocation expected to increase deterioration both somatic and germinal lines through enhanced telomere attrition. In most species, males' mainly regards traits mating fertilization success, sexually selected traits. this study, we tested hypothesis investment in associated with reduced relative length (RTL) guppy (Poecilia reticulata), an ectotherm species characterized by strong pre- postcopulatory sexual selection. We first measured soma sperm over guppies' lifespan see whether there was any variation age. Second, investigated greater linked shorter lines, young old males. found telomeres lengthened age tissue, but no age-dependent cells. Telomere guppies significantly negatively correlated production tissues life stages considered study. Our findings indicate male strongly their (sperm production), suggesting trade-off between reproduction maintenance occurring at each stage species.

Language: Английский

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Extrinsic mortality and senescence: a guide for the perplexed

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

Abstract Do environments or species traits that lower the mortality of individuals create selection for delaying senescence? Reading literature creates an impression mathematically oriented biologists cannot agree on validity George Williams’ prediction (who claimed ‘yes’). The abundance models and opinions may bewilder those are new to field. Here we provide heuristics as well simple outline when Williams holds, why there is a ‘null model’ where extrinsic does not change evolution senescence at all, it also possible expect opposite William’s prediction, increased favours slower senescence. We hope offer intuition by quantifying how much ‘placement’ offspring into population reduces its expected contribution gene pool future. Our first example shows sometimes has no effect (the null result), density dependence can that. Thereafter, model with ten different choices regulation high fast life histories (Williams) if increasing harms production juveniles their chances recruit population. If instead survival older in population, then slow (anti-Williams). discuss possibility empirically found Williams-like patterns indirect evidence operating via harming fitness prospects juveniles, opposed established breeders.

Language: Английский

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