Cuticular nitrogen economy during development in the cockroach Cryptocercus punctulatus and the termite Neotermes jouteli DOI Creative Commons
Donald E. Mullins, Christine A. Nalepa, Aaron Mullins

et al.

Journal of Insect Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 104745 - 104745

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

The role of nitrogen during insect development and reproduction is key in the success a species, primary importance wood feeding taxa. Based on comparison xylophagous, one-piece termites to termite sister group, subsocial wood-feeding cockroaches genus Cryptocercus, it has been proposed that evolution eusociality involved fundamental shift allocation strategies. Cryptocercus exhibits storage economy, with individuals gradually increasing size cuticular density over years-long developmental period. Termites, however, remain juvenilized morphotype minimal investment into cuticle, suggesting conserved circulated according needs colony via behaviors such as trophallaxis cannibalism. We examined economy punctulatus dampwood Neotermes jouteli, focusing exuvial losses resulting from molting. progressively changes pale, thin, soft cuticle at hatch dark, thick, heavily sclerotized adults; increases N/mg quantity catecholamines are correlated these ontogenetic color changes. There were significant differences content two successive age classes early stage juveniles their discarded exuvia molt. Soldier alate castes N. jouteli exhibited highest sclerotization/melanization indices; pseudergates had levels comparable those measured Class I (3rd 4th instar) C. punctulatus. Exuvia contained 0.19 μgN/mg, while approximately two- three-year-old 72.9 82.6 respectively. Our data support hypothesis cockroach ancestors was rooted chronic fitness limitations imposed by low diet.

Language: Английский

Metabolic division of labor in social insects DOI Creative Commons
Matteo A. Negroni, Adria C. LeBoeuf

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59, P. 101085 - 101085

Published: July 16, 2023

Social insects are known for reproductive and behavioral division of labor, but little attention has been paid to metabolic forms labor. Metabolic labor is the partitioning complementary tasks between individuals, it widespread in social insects. We define two homosynergetic heterosynergetic, we pinpoint trophallaxis, trophic eggs, cannibalism as primary transfers underlying form discuss their evolution. argue that underpins fundamental aspects colony physiology may be a necessary feature superorganismal systems, impacting many life history traits. Investigating understand major evolutionary transition(s) superorganismality

Language: Английский

Citations

14
King- and queen-specific degradation of uric acid contributes to reproduction in termites DOI
Takao Konishi, Eisuke Tasaki, Mamoru Takata

et al.

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 290(1990)

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

Caste-based reproductive division of labour in social insects is built on asymmetries resource allocation within colonies. Kings and queens dominantly consume limited resources for reproduction, while non-reproductive castes such as workers soldiers help castes. Studying the regulation crucial understanding maintenance sociality insects, although molecular background poorly understood. We focused uric acid, which reserved used a valuable nitrogen source wood-eating termites. found that king- queen-specific degradation acid contributes to reproduction subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus . The urate oxidase gene ( RsUAOX ), catalyses first step recycling from stored was highly expressed mature kings queens, upregulated with differentiation into neotenic kings/queens. Suppression decreased number eggs laid per queen. Uric shown be provided by Our results suggest capacity use nitrogen, essential protein synthesis required maintains colony cohesion monopoly held queens.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
How do termite baits work? implication of subterranean termite colony demography on the successful implementation of baits DOI Creative Commons
Thomas Chouvenc

Journal of Economic Entomology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 19, 2024

Abstract In 1995, the launch of first commercial chitin synthesis inhibitor (CSI) bait led to transformation subterranean termite control industry around world. Their slow mode action, which relies on both their ability be transferred among nestmates and molting biology, has made them cost-effective solutions for colony elimination while minimizing introduction pesticides into soil toward an environmentally sustainable strategy. However, despite successful implementations, acceptance use varies within pest Notably, nuanced complexity how CSI baits lead upon feeding by foragers has, in part, remained elusive past 3 decades, allowing long-lasting misconceptions persist. A recent series studies since provided complementary elements understanding utilize termites’ inherent demography, behavior, physiology trigger after a characteristic succession events collapse process. I here provide synthetic overview characteristics when exposed using Coptotermes (Wasmann) (Blattodea: Heterotermitidae) as primary model system. The changes demography through reflect action makes prime solution management. Following decades innovation, ongoing interactions researchers, product manufacturers, management providers must continue bring existing emerging problems

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Exuviae Recycling Can Enhance Queen Oviposition and Colony Growth in Subterranean Termites (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae: Coptotermes) DOI Creative Commons
Reina L. Tong, Jayshree S Patel, Johnalyn M. Gordon

et al.

Environmental Entomology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(2), P. 254 - 258

Published: Feb. 11, 2023

Abstract Wood-feeding termites have a nitrogen-poor diet and therefore evolved nitrogen conservation strategies. However, termite workers molt periodically, throughout the lifetime of colony, millions exuviae, nitrogen-rich resource, are produced by colony. In Coptotermes Wasmann, foraging at remote feeding sites must return to central part nest molt, where queen, king, eggs, larvae located. It was hypothesized that this molting-site fidelity is an efficient way recycle for reproduction colony growth, as nestmates involved in exuviae consumption can directly transfer such resources individuals engaged (the queen) or growth (larvae). This study investigates whether incipient colonies C. gestroi (Wasmann) gain additional biomass when they fed supplementary exuviae. Incipient were reared conditions, 0, 1, 5, 10 added 3-month-old colonies. After 6.5 months, environments gained significantly more than with no addition had effect on environments. second experiment, queens from which effectively removed laid fewer eggs not removed. Therefore, molting important recycling strategy colonies, it facilitates queen oviposition especially limited access soils.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Media made from brown-rotted elm and pine wood for rearing Reticulitermes termites DOI Creative Commons
Yuki Mitaka, Edward L. Vargo

Insectes Sociaux, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 70(3), P. 381 - 389

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Abstract Termites are not only decomposers in forest and savanna ecosystems, but also major pests of wooden buildings worldwide. Therefore, termites have long been interest to researchers, there has a need for media maintaining the laboratory. Recently, "brown-rotted pinewood mixed cellulose" (BPC) medium using Japanese red pine ( Pinus densiflora ) was developed as long-term stable rearing subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus . It is unclear whether method preparing BPC can be applied other species different types wood. Here, we two American flavipes R. virginicus ): elm wood (BEC) winged Ulmus alata loblolly P. taeda ). In colony foundation by dealates, about 80% incipient colonies on BEC successfully produced larvae workers, whereas less than 21% cellulose did so. Long-term workers showed that food consumption rate higher medium. On hand, apparent digestibility coefficient media. These results indicate used both dealates , more suitable workers. new others made same process will contribute maintenance laboratory variety experiments.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Termite primary queen — ancestral, but highly specialized eusocial phenotype DOI
Simon Hellemans, Robert Hanus

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61, P. 101157 - 101157

Published: Dec. 23, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Trophic Path of Marked Exuviae Within Colonies ofCoptotermes gestroi(Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) DOI Creative Commons
Reina L. Tong, Eun‐Kyung Choi,

Kelly Ugarelli

et al.

Journal of Insect Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(2)

Published: March 1, 2023

Abstract Nitrogen, a limiting growth factor in wood-feeding insects, was hypothesized to play role the recently discovered behavior of subterranean termites returning nest molt. Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) exuviae is approximately 11% N by dry weight, and therefore potentially rich source recyclable nitrogen. Exuviae from C. colony were marked with immunoglobulin G (IgG) fed two-year-old colonies. IgG-marked detected an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The IgG marker later every caste life stage except first-instar larvae (L1). proportion individuals positive for varied caste, queens always being marker. second-or-higher-instar workers (W2+) had significantly higher concentrations than eggs L1. trophic path includes that directly on (workers possibly second-instar larvae) secondarily received through trophallaxis (queens, kings, soldiers). This study described consumed demonstrated its recycling nitrogen termite. Molting at central may be efficient means transfer shed recipients conserved termite ancestor.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
A method for estimating colony size using queen fecundity in termites under field conditions DOI
Mamoru Takata,

Kiyotaka Yabe,

T. Noro

et al.

The Science of Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 110(4)

Published: July 17, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Change of termite hindgut metabolome and bacteria after captivity indicates the hindgut microbiota provides nutritional factors to the host DOI Creative Commons

Most Shormi Alom,

Yijing Cen, Rui Tang

et al.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

The gut-dwelling microbiota is an indispensable part of termites. It influenced by a series factors, such as diet and captivity. objectives this study were to the metabolic functions hindgut investigate influence captivity on microbiota. dampwood termite Hodotermopsis sjostedti was reared in laboratory for 6 months. We conducted metabolome analysis fat body from freshly-collected workers (FBF), fluid (HFF), laboratory-maintained workers. In addition, 16S rRNA genes bacteria sequenced. According our results, concentrations metabolites associated with amino acid biosynthesis, vitamin fatty cofactor biosynthesis higher HFF compared those FBF, suggesting that provides nutritional factors host. However, after captivity, nucleotide sugar metabolism, carbon metabolism decreased, while steroid hormone ovarian steroidogenesis increased. Meanwhile, amplicon revealed abundance certain changed uncultured Termite Group 1 bacterium, Candidatus Symbiothrix dinenymphae, unclassified Desulfovibrio . Our findings show influences shed light potential

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Cuticular nitrogen economy during development in the cockroach Cryptocercus punctulatus and the termite Neotermes jouteli DOI Creative Commons
Donald E. Mullins, Christine A. Nalepa, Aaron Mullins

et al.

Journal of Insect Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 104745 - 104745

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

The role of nitrogen during insect development and reproduction is key in the success a species, primary importance wood feeding taxa. Based on comparison xylophagous, one-piece termites to termite sister group, subsocial wood-feeding cockroaches genus Cryptocercus, it has been proposed that evolution eusociality involved fundamental shift allocation strategies. Cryptocercus exhibits storage economy, with individuals gradually increasing size cuticular density over years-long developmental period. Termites, however, remain juvenilized morphotype minimal investment into cuticle, suggesting conserved circulated according needs colony via behaviors such as trophallaxis cannibalism. We examined economy punctulatus dampwood Neotermes jouteli, focusing exuvial losses resulting from molting. progressively changes pale, thin, soft cuticle at hatch dark, thick, heavily sclerotized adults; increases N/mg quantity catecholamines are correlated these ontogenetic color changes. There were significant differences content two successive age classes early stage juveniles their discarded exuvia molt. Soldier alate castes N. jouteli exhibited highest sclerotization/melanization indices; pseudergates had levels comparable those measured Class I (3rd 4th instar) C. punctulatus. Exuvia contained 0.19 μgN/mg, while approximately two- three-year-old 72.9 82.6 respectively. Our data support hypothesis cockroach ancestors was rooted chronic fitness limitations imposed by low diet.

Language: Английский

Citations

0