bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 7, 2024
Abstract
Deciding
when
to
abandon
a
depleting
resource
in
favour
of
potentially
richer
alternatives
is
fundamental
adaptive
behaviour.
Such
patch-leaving
decisions
require
balancing
the
expected
advantage
leaving
against
both
cost
moving
and
reward
foregone
current
environment.
Previous
research
suggests
that
activity
noradrenergic
(NE)
neurons
locus
coeruleus
(LC)
underpins
patch-leaving.
In
study,
we
used
pupil
dilation
as
time-resolved
readout
subcortical
neuromodulation
during
We
hypothesised
leave
will
be
preceded
by
transient
dilation.
Participants
harvested
from
exponentially
patches
(blueberry
bushes)
with
three
initial
values,
two
environments,
which
differed
variability
values.
Behavioural
results
show
that,
predicted
mathematically
optimal
solution,
participants
adjusted
their
based
on
instantaneous
rate,
but
also
displayed
bias
overharvest
(stay
longer
compared
optimum),
was
more
pronounced
high
Pupil
size
overall
larger
environment,
associated
increased
uncertainty.
Importantly,
observed
an
response
outcomes
immediately
preceding
stay
decisions,
well
increase
(and
RT)
across
successive
trials,
leading
up
presumably
indicating
LC-NE
abandoning
options
explore
alternatives.
Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 17
Published: Sept. 3, 2024
Purpose:
Children
with
developmental
language
disorder
(DLD)
and/or
attention-deficit/hyperactivity
(ADHD)
are
at
an
elevated
risk
of
social–emotional
difficulties,
including
low
self-esteem
and
anxiety,
related
to
school
achievement
peer
interactions.
This
clinical
focus
article
provides
best
practice
guidelines,
shaped
by
a
neurodiversity-affirming
lens,
support
children's
development.
Method:
The
guidelines
were
developed
through
interprofessional
discussions
among
the
authors,
which
included
three
communication
specialists
two
mental
health
specialists,
supported
review
scholarly
literature
on
neurodiversity,
DLD,
ADHD,
first-person
perspectives
children
adults
these
conditions
their
parents
teachers.
Results:
include
recommendations
for
assessment
DLD
ADHD
suggestions
supports
promote
acceptance
students
teachers
peers.
Intervention
social
skills,
self-regulation
supports,
self-advocacy
described.
A
hypothetical
case
study
is
provided
illustrate
implementation
recommended
practices.
Conclusions:
First-person
family
studies
provide
compelling
evidence
that
having
coupled
negative
reactions
others
differences
conditions,
have
adverse
effects
Speech-language
pathologists
team
members
important
role
play
in
preventing
providing
ADHD.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 7, 2024
Abstract
Deciding
when
to
abandon
a
depleting
resource
in
favour
of
potentially
richer
alternatives
is
fundamental
adaptive
behaviour.
Such
patch-leaving
decisions
require
balancing
the
expected
advantage
leaving
against
both
cost
moving
and
reward
foregone
current
environment.
Previous
research
suggests
that
activity
noradrenergic
(NE)
neurons
locus
coeruleus
(LC)
underpins
patch-leaving.
In
study,
we
used
pupil
dilation
as
time-resolved
readout
subcortical
neuromodulation
during
We
hypothesised
leave
will
be
preceded
by
transient
dilation.
Participants
harvested
from
exponentially
patches
(blueberry
bushes)
with
three
initial
values,
two
environments,
which
differed
variability
values.
Behavioural
results
show
that,
predicted
mathematically
optimal
solution,
participants
adjusted
their
based
on
instantaneous
rate,
but
also
displayed
bias
overharvest
(stay
longer
compared
optimum),
was
more
pronounced
high
Pupil
size
overall
larger
environment,
associated
increased
uncertainty.
Importantly,
observed
an
response
outcomes
immediately
preceding
stay
decisions,
well
increase
(and
RT)
across
successive
trials,
leading
up
presumably
indicating
LC-NE
abandoning
options
explore
alternatives.
