Non-pharmaceutical interventions: evaluating challenges and priorities for future health shocks

BMJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e080528 - e080528

Published: Oct. 7, 2024

Non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented during health shocks such as the covid-19 pandemic require rapid, robust, and rigorous evaluation that can generate timely evidence to guide government policy maintain public confidence, say Azeem Majeed colleagues

Language: Английский

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Effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 transmission: rapid review of evidence from Italy, the United States, the United Kingdom, and China

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

Prior to the development of COVID-19 vaccines, policymakers instituted various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) limit transmission. studies have attempted examine extent which these NPIs achieved their goals containment, suppression, or mitigation disease Existing evidence syntheses found that numerous factors comparability across studies, and on NPI effectiveness during pandemic remains sparse inconsistent. This study documents magnitude variation in reducing transmission (i.e., reduction effective reproduction rate [R

Language: Английский

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The effects of visitor restrictions on inpatients and family visitors during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from a cross-sectional survey in China

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals implemented visitor restrictions to curtail spread of virus. The study aims understand perspectives hospitalized patients and their family visitors on visitation factors influencing willingness adhere these restrictions.

Language: Английский

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The differential effects of parent‐targeted alcohol harm‐reduction campaigns with varying executional styles

Drug and Alcohol Review, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 7, 2024

Abstract Introduction Parental provision of alcohol to children is associated with a range negative outcomes. Public health campaigns discouraging this practice are required as part comprehensive approach reduce alcohol‐related harm among minors, however, limited research has examined the relative effectiveness different messaging approaches. This study compared effects two executional styles on parents' intentions provide minors—one campaign used fear‐based and other adopted first‐person narrative approach. Methods The repeated cross‐sectional design. An independent samples t ‐test was compare alternative intentions. Two ordinal logistic generalised linear models were assess whether differed according demographic behavioural characteristics. Results Both effective at motivating parents abstain from providing minors. outcome particularly notable female respondents those who had never provided their children. Older less more likely intend change behaviours result exposure campaign, while using heavier drinkers. Discussion Conclusions Overall strong performance both combined varying by parent attributes highlights utility parent‐focused targeting To best protect continued investments needed develop suites evidence‐based that resonate subgroups.

Language: Английский

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Epidemics

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 115 - 144

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

Abstract If the threat of disaster—an earthquake, a pandemic, or nuclear accident—is unlikely uncertain in time, place, and scale then prevention preparedness may not be better than treatment cure. Tactics that favour an disaster are routinely used by insurance industry: spotlight preventable hazards, pool risks, share costs. A hazard—such as COVID-19, Ebola, Zika virus—is perceived to more dangerous, likely stimulate action, when classified public health emergency national security, severity hazard changes suddenly unpredictably space time. The methods for pooling risks sharing costs include: early detection response systems multiple pathogens, including unknown, unpredictable Disease X; mechanisms genomic other surveillance data; platform technologies development new diagnostics vaccines; collaborations through international conventions regulations. Although primary is preferable, secondary often interim investment: preventing emergence X generally feasible; stopping its spread surveillance, diagnosis, isolation, quarantine, vaccination practical essential.

Language: Английский

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Strategies adopted by oral physicians, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and oral pathologists in patient education on oral cancer: A Nigerian study

Cancer Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Oct. 26, 2023

The burden of oral cancer in Nigeria is increasing. Different studies have shown how public education on increased knowledge across populations, however, it not known if these practices are adopted by physicians, and maxillofacial surgeons, pathologists Nigeria.

Language: Английский

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