Biogeochemical extremes and compound events in the ocean

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 600(7889), P. 395 - 407

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Adaptation in a keystone grazer under novel predation pressure

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2039)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Understanding how species adapt to environmental change is necessary protect biodiversity and ecosystem services. Growing evidence suggests can rapidly novel selection pressures like predation from invasive species, but the repeatability predictability of remain poorly understood in wild populations. We tested a keystone aquatic herbivore, Daphnia pulicaria, evolved response pressure by introduced zooplanktivore Bythotrephes longimanus. Using high-resolution 210Pb-dated sediment cores 12 lakes Ontario (Canada), which primarily differed invasion status Bythotrephes, we compared population genetic structure over time using whole-genome sequencing individual resting embryos. found strong differentiation between populations approximately 70 years before versus 30 after reported invasion, with no difference this period uninvaded lakes. Compared lakes, identified, on average, 64 times more loci were putatively under invaded Differentiated mainly associated known reproductive stress responses, mean body size consistently increased 14.1% These results suggest repeatedly acquiring heritable adaptations escape gape-limited predation. More generally, our some aspects predictably shape genome evolution.

Language: Английский

---

Limited plasticity in thermally tolerant ectotherm populations: evidence for a trade-off

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 288(1958), P. 20210765 - 20210765

Published: Sept. 8, 2021

Many species face extinction risks owing to climate change, and there is an urgent need identify which species' populations will be most vulnerable. Plasticity in heat tolerance, includes acclimation or hardening, occurs when prior exposure a warmer temperature changes organism's upper thermal limit. The capacity for could provide protection against warming, but work has found few generalizable patterns explain variation this trait. Here, we report the results of, our knowledge, first meta-analysis examine within-species plasticity, using from 20 studies (19 species) that quantified capacities across 78 populations. We used meta-regression evaluate two leading hypotheses. variability hypothesis predicts more thermally variable habitats have greater while trade-off with lowest tolerance greatest plasticity. Our analysis indicates strong support because had reduced These advance understanding of populations' susceptibility change imply highest may limited phenotypic plasticity adjust ongoing warming.

Language: Английский

---

Current and lagged climate affects phenology across diverse taxonomic groups

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 290(1990)

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

The timing of life events (phenology) can be influenced by climate. Studies from around the world tell us that climate cues and species' responses vary greatly. If variation in effects on phenology is strong within a single ecosystem, change could lead to ecological disruption, but detailed data diverse taxa ecosystem are rare. We collated first sighting median activity high-elevation environment for plants, insects, birds, mammals an amphibian across 45 years (1975–2020). related 10 812 phenological determine relative importance species’ phenologies. demonstrate significant climate-phenology linkage ecosystem. Both current prior predicted changes phenology. Taxa responded some similarly, such as snowmelt date spring temperatures; other affected differently. For example, summer precipitation had no effect most delayed advanced amphibian, mammals, birds. Comparing at location, we find important often differ among taxa, suggesting may disrupt synchrony taxa.

Language: Английский

---

Adapting to an increasingly stressful environment: Experimental evidence for ‘micro‐evolutionary priming’

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Abstract In many natural systems, animal populations are exposed to increasing levels of stress. Stress tend fluctuate, and long‐term increases in average stress often accompanied by greater amplitudes such fluctuations. Micro‐evolutionary adaptation may allow cope with gradually but not prevent their extirpation during acute events unless low also tolerance We tested this idea, here called ‘micro‐evolutionary priming’, exposing the monogonont rotifer species Brachionus calyciflorus four copper (control, low, intermediate high) a multigenerational selection experiment. Subsequently, common garden experiment, we randomly selected subsets genotypes (clones) each these high assessed population growth performance across multiple generations. Compared an exposure history copper, control suffered strong reductions when mainly as result mortality rates. Remarkably, levels, fitness differences between adapted were very small, whereas latter strongly outperformed former at levels. These results highlight potentially hitherto largely ignored impact micro‐evolutionary priming on changing environment. discuss potential consequences for persistence spatial eco‐evolutionary dynamics metapopulations.

Language: Английский

---

Navigating biodiversity patterns in fragmented seagrass mosaics

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 13, 2025

Human-driven fragmentation of natural habitats increasingly threatens biodiversity, particularly in coastal ecosystems like seagrass meadows. Fragmentation breaks continuous into smaller, isolated patches, amplifying edge effects and disrupting community structures ecosystem functions. This study examines the habitat on large (> 1 mm) small (0.2–1 epifauna, as well infauna, within eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadows along Skagerrak coast western Sweden. We assessed faunal responses across three levels (low, medium, high) patch zones (Edge, Near-Edge Center), providing a novel multi-assemblage analysis these dynamics. Field surveys statistical modeling revealed distinct responses: especially amphipods, dominated low moderately fragmented meadows, whereas highly areas showed more even species distributions. In contrast, epifauna exhibited consistent abundance levels. Infaunal communities varied most, with high linked to increased evenness shifts composition. These findings underscore importance conserving less highlight need for targeted restoration efforts enhance biodiversity ecological resilience degraded areas. By addressing both patch- seascape-level effects, this offers critical insights impacts fragmentation, supporting development conservation strategies ecosystems.

Language: Английский

---

Thermal performance under constant temperatures can accurately predict insect development times across naturally variable microclimates

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 1633 - 1645

Published: May 25, 2021

Abstract External conditions can drive biological rates in ectotherms by directly influencing body temperatures. While estimating the temperature dependence of performance traits such as growth and development rate is feasible under controlled laboratory settings, predictions nature are difficult. One major challenge lies translating constant to fluctuating environments. Using butterfly Pieris napi model system, we show that rate, an important fitness trait, be accurately predicted field using models parameterized Additionally, a factorial design, accurate made across microhabitats but critically hinge on adequate consideration non‐linearity reaction norms, spatial heterogeneity microclimate temporal variation temperature. Our empirical results also supported comparison published simulated data. Conclusively, our combined suggest that, discounting direct effects temperature, insect generally unaffected thermal fluctuations.

Language: Английский

---

Effects of thermal fluctuations on biological processes: a meta-analysis of experiments manipulating thermal variability

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 290(1992)

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Thermal variability is a key driver of ecological processes, affecting organisms and populations across multiple temporal scales. Despite the ubiquity variation, biologists lack quantitative synthesis observed consequences thermal wide range taxa, phenotypic traits experimental designs. Here, we conduct meta-analysis to investigate how properties organisms, their experienced regime whether in either past (prior an assay) or present (during affect performance relative experiencing constant environments. Our results—which draw upon 1712 effect sizes from 75 studies—indicate that effects are not unidirectional become more negative as mean temperature fluctuation increase. Exposure variation decreases greater extent than increases costs diminishing benefits broad set empirical studies. Further, identify life-history attributes predictably modify response variation. findings demonstrate on context-dependent, yet outcomes may be heightened warmer, variable climates.

Language: Английский

---

Seasonal specialization drives divergent population dynamics in two closely related butterflies

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 20, 2023

Abstract Seasons impose different selection pressures on organisms through contrasting environmental conditions. How such seasonal evolutionary conflict is resolved in whose lives span across seasons remains underexplored. Through field experiments, laboratory work, and citizen science data analyses, we investigate this question using two closely related butterflies ( Pieris rapae P. napi ). Superficially, the appear highly ecologically similar. Yet, reveal that their fitness partitioned differently seasons. have higher population growth during summer season but lower overwintering success than do . We show these differences correspond to physiology behavior of butterflies. outperform at high temperatures several traits, reflected microclimate choice by ovipositing wild females. Instead, winter mortality conclude difference dynamics between driven specialization, manifested as strategies maximize gains minimize harm adverse seasons, respectively.

Language: Английский

---

Oxygen dynamics in marine productive ecosystems at ecologically relevant scales

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 560 - 566

Published: July 1, 2023

Language: Английский

---