Ectotherm heat tolerance and the microbiome: current understanding, future directions and potential applications

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 226(12)

Published: June 14, 2023

Climate change and increasing global temperatures are a leading threat to ectothermic animals worldwide. Ectotherm persistence under climate will depend on combination of host environmental factors; recently it has become clear that host-associated microbial communities contribute significantly the response ectotherms warming. However, several unanswered questions about these relationships remain before accurate predictions can be made regarding microbiome's influence ecology evolution In this Commentary, we provide brief background what is currently known microbiome heat tolerance in both invertebrate vertebrate animals, mechanisms behind effects. We then outline feel important priorities for future work field, how goals could accomplished. specifically highlight need more diversity study systems, especially through representation hosts across variety life-history traits habitats, as well greater understanding manifest field settings. Lastly, discuss implications microbiome-mediated animal conservation possibility 'bioaugmentation' approaches bolster vulnerable populations.

Language: Английский

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Neotropical bee microbiomes point to a fragmented social core and strong species-level effects

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: July 14, 2023

Individuals that band together create new ecological opportunities for microorganisms. In vertical transmission, theory predicts a conserved microbiota within lineages, especially social bees. Bees exhibit solitary to behavior among and/or species, while life cycles can be annual or perennial. Bee nests may used over generations only once, and foraging ecology varies widely. To assess which traits are associated with bee microbiomes, we analyzed microbial diversity bees of Apidae, Colletidae, Halictidae, three families in Panama's tropical forests. Our analysis considered the microbiome adult gut contents replicated through time, localities, seasons (wet dry) included morphology comparison abdominal (dissected) microbiota. Diversity distribution microbes (TBM) corbiculate clade were emphasized.We found eusocial tended possess more microbiome, attributable but composition varied closely related species. Euglossine (or orchid bees), corbiculates mainly behavior, had variable microbiomes. Their shorter-tongued highly seasonal species displayed greater diversity, flower-visiting habits. Surprisingly, many stingless bees, oldest clade, lacked bacterial genera thought predate eusociality, several facultatively social, possessed those taxa. Indeed, nearly all range affinities single multiple variants "socially associated" taxa, unexpectedly demonstrated high sequence variation.Taken together, these results call into question whether specific associates facilitate subsequently adopted, indicate frequent horizontal transmission between perennial colonies other Video Abstract.

Language: Английский

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Regulation of host gene expression by gastrointestinal tract microbiota in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(15), P. 4427 - 4446

Published: June 7, 2023

Abstract Differences in gut microbiome composition are linked with health, disease and ultimately host fitness; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying that relationship not well characterized. Here, we modified fish microbiota using antibiotic probiotic feed treatments to address effect of on gene expression patterns. Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) was evaluated whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA‐Seq) hindgut mucosa samples from individuals treated antibiotic, control diets determine differentially expressed (DE) genes. Fifty DE genes were selected for further characterization nanofluidic qPCR chips. We used 16S rRNA metabarcoding characterize rearing water (bacterial) communities. Daily administration antibiotics probiotics resulted significant changes aquatic as more than 100 treatment fish, relative healthy controls. Normal depletion by mostly led downregulation different aspects immunity upregulation apoptotic process. In treatment, related post‐translation modification inflammatory responses up‐regulated Our results revealed effects (antibiotic probiotic) rabep2, aifm3, manf, prmt3 transcription. Moreover, found associations between members Lactobacillaceae Bifidobacteriaceae Overall, our analysis showed had impacts many signalling pathways, specifically targeting immune, developmental metabolic processes. some involved microbiome‐host interactions will help develop new strategies preventing/ treating disruption‐related diseases.

Language: Английский

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Feeding Drosophila gut microbiomes from young and old flies modifies the microbiome

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 2, 2024

Abstract It is becoming increasingly evident that the myriad of microbes in gut, within cells and attached to body parts (or roots plants), play crucial roles for host. Although this has been known decades, recent developments molecular biology allow expanded insight into abundance function these microbes. Here we used vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster , investigate fitness measures across lifetime flies fed a suspension gut harvested from young or old flies, respectively. Our hypothesis was constitutively enriched with ‘Young microbiome’ would live longer be more agile at age (i.e. have increased healthspan) compared an ‘Old microbiome’. Three major take home messages came out our study: (1) microbiomes differ markedly; (2) feeding Young Old altered microbiome recipient (3) two different microbial diets did not any effect on locomotor activity nor lifespan contradicting working hypothesis. Combined, results provide novel interplay between hosts their clearly highlight phenotypic effects transplants probiotics can complex unpredictable.

Language: Английский

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Biotic interactions, evolutionary forces and the pan-plant specialized metabolism

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1914)

Published: Sept. 29, 2024

Plant specialized metabolism has a complex evolutionary history. Some aspects are conserved across the green lineage, but many metabolites unique to certain lineages. The network of continuously diversified, simplified or reshaped during evolution streptophytes. Many routes pan-plant involved in plant defence. Biotic interactions recalled as major drivers lineage-specific metabolomic diversification. However, consequences this diversity context terrestrialization and land diversification into lineages bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms angiosperms remain only little explored. Overall, hampers conclusions on scenarios that shaped metabolism. Recent efforts have brought forth new streptophyte model systems, an increase genetically accessible species from distinct lineages, functional data plants metabolic pathways. In review, we will integrate recent immune system with molecular its recognition. Based provide contextual framework metabolism, shape it impact adaptation terrestrial environment. This article is part theme issue ‘The metabolism’.

Language: Английский

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