Global cropland exposure to extreme compound drought heatwave events under future climate change

Weather and Climate Extremes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 40, P. 100559 - 100559

Published: March 27, 2023

The risk of compound drought heatwave events (CDHEs) and their persistence has intensified in recent decades is expected to increase faster the future. Projecting future changes CDHEs area cropland exposed under different scenarios critical for climate adaptation sustainable development. In this study, we analyze exposure extreme at global continental scales Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) mid-term (2041–2060) long-term (2081–2100) 21st century by using 14 CMIP6 GCMs LUH2 land-use data. We find that with high frequency are mainly located tropical areas. will be much higher than baseline period (1995–2014), increased more obvious emissions increase. Overall, total warm season during 1995–2014 148.05 × 103 km2 month−1. Exposure 868.68–1801.25 1058.58–3887.54 month−1 SSP scenarios. effect dominant driving factor exposure. Cropland on all continents, especially Asia Africa. Our findings provide scientific evidence benefit limiting low-emission which effectively reduce change.

Language: Английский

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Pathogens and planetary change

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Emerging infectious diseases, biodiversity loss, and anthropogenic environmental change are interconnected crises with massive social ecological costs. In this Review, we discuss how pathogens parasites responding to global change, the implications for pandemic prevention conservation. Ecological evolutionary principles help explain why both pandemics wildlife die-offs becoming more common; land-use loss often followed by an increase in zoonotic vector-borne diseases; some species, such as bats, host so many emerging pathogens. To prevent next pandemic, scientists should focus on monitoring limiting spread of a handful high-risk viruses, especially at key interfaces farms live-animal markets. But address much broader set disease risks associated Anthropocene, decision-makers will need develop comprehensive strategies that include pathogen surveillance across species ecosystems; conservation-based interventions reduce human–animal contact protect health; health system strengthening; improvements epidemic preparedness response. Scientists can contribute these efforts filling gaps data, expanding evidence base disease–driver relationships interventions. This Review explores relationship between diseases connected changes Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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The (Re-)Emergence and Spread of Viral Zoonotic Disease: A Perfect Storm of Human Ingenuity and Stupidity

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 1638 - 1638

Published: July 27, 2023

Diseases that are transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans referred as zoonotic diseases. Although microbial agents such bacteria and parasites linked events, viruses account for a high percentage of diseases have emerged. Worryingly, the 21st century has seen drastic increase in emergence re-emergence viral disease. Even though coexisted millennia, anthropogenic factors severely increased interactions between two populations, thereby increasing risk disease spill-over. While drivers climate shifts, land exploitation wildlife trade can directly affect (re-)emergence disease, globalisation, geopolitics social perceptions facilitate spread these (re-)emerging This opinion paper discusses "intelligent" nature their driving modernised connected world.

Language: Английский

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A review of emerging health threats from zoonotic New World mammarenaviruses

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: April 4, 2024

Abstract Despite repeated spillover transmission and their potential to cause significant morbidity mortality in human hosts, the New World mammarenaviruses remain largely understudied. These viruses are endemic South America, with animal reservoir hosts covering large geographic areas whose ecology driven part by land use change agriculture that put humans regular contact zoonotic hosts. We compiled published studies about Guanarito virus, Junin Machupo Chapare Sabia Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus review state of knowledge viral hemorrhagic fevers caused mammarenaviruses. summarize what is known rodent reservoirs, conditions for each these pathogens, characteristics populations at greatest risk fever diseases. also implications outbreaks biosecurity concerns where diseases endemic, steps countries can take strengthen surveillance increase capacity local healthcare systems. While there unique risks posed six viruses, ecological epidemiological similarities suggest common mitigate better contain future outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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Rodent trapping studies as an overlooked information source for understanding endemic and novel zoonotic spillover

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. e0010772 - e0010772

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Rodents, a diverse, globally distributed and ecologically important order of mammals are nevertheless reservoirs known novel zoonotic pathogens. Ongoing anthropogenic land use change is altering these species’ abundance distribution, which among host species may increase the risk zoonoses spillover events. A better understanding current distribution rodent required to guide attempts mitigate against potentially increased disease hazard risk. However, available host-pathogen association datasets (e.g. IUCN, GBIF, CLOVER) often taxonomically spatially biased. Here, we synthesise data from West Africa 127 trapping studies, published between 1964–2022, as an additional source information characterise range presence identify subgroup that potential or pathogen hosts. We although biased towards human dominated landscapes across Africa, can usefully complement calculate discrepancies datasets. For five regionally pathogens (Arenaviridae spp., Borrelia Lassa mammarenavirus , Leptospira spp. Toxoplasma gondii ), associations have not been previously reported in host-association Finally, for groups, find proportion hosts sampled remains small with geographic clustering. priority should be sample greater future In interim, studies spatial informed by distributions must incorporate measure sampling biases. The synthesis contextually rich enriches GBIF CLOVER support more complete

Language: Английский

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Association between anthropization and rodent reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens in Northwestern Mexico

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. e0298976 - e0298976

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

The world is facing a major pulse of ecological and social changes that may favor the risk zoonotic outbreaks. Such facilitation occur through modification host's community diversity structure, leading to an increase in pathogen reservoirs contact rate between these humans. Here, we examined whether anthropization alters relative abundance richness reservoir non-reservoir rodents three Socio-Ecological Systems. We hypothesized increases rodent while decreasing species. first developed Anthropization index based on 15 quantitative socio-ecological variables classified into five groups: 1) Vegetation type, 2) Urbanization degree, 3) Water quality, 4) Potential contaminant sources, 5) Others. then monitored communities regions Northwestern Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Sonora). A total 683 14 genera 27 species were captured, nine which have been identified as pathogens (359 individuals, 53%). In all regions, found increased, increased; contrast, decreased. Sonora, increased with increasing anthropization, Baja California Chihuahua decreased increased. also significant positive relationship degree house mice (Mus musculus) deer (Peromyscus maniculatus), most abundant study. These findings support hypothesis their disturbed environments, exposure humans, creates environmental filtering promotes local extinction

Language: Английский

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Zoonosis: social and environmental connections in the Mexico-United States border region

One Health Outlook, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

The emerging risks facing humanity have highlighted the need to address and prevent challenges through multilateral preventive strategies. Mexico-United States (US) border is a region with great biological biodiversity both countries shared similar history intense socioeconomic, cultural interrelationships. Also, it has an extraordinary ecological contrast, resulting in enormous diversity broad Nearctic-Neotropical transition zone. This dynamic important disparities due lack of bilateral strategies face issues (e.g., infectious diseases) integrated holistic approach. In this context, we describe various socio-ecosystemic contexts present different diseases transmitted, zoonoses that affect ecosystemic public health must be addressed under collaborative schemes can develop policies One Health approach emphasis on Mexican We social determinants for border, but add infrequently studied classical epidemiological approaches. Strategies towards require international multidisciplinary approaches strengthen diagnostic capabilities, recognizing social, environmental challenges. Recognizing these aspects will allow establishment joint monitoring, prevention, mitigation benefits countries.

Language: Английский

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Anthropization and host habitat influence the abundance of Dermanyssoidea and Trombiculoidea in northwestern Mexico

Experimental and Applied Acarology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 94(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract The factors influencing the distribution and abundance of ectoparasites in vertebrates have been thoroughly examined rodents, particularly concerning ticks fleas. However, there is a paucity knowledge regarding mites. aim this study was to determine if host or landscape traits are responsible for dermanyssoid trombiculoid Rodent captures were carried out northwest region Mexico between 2018 2022 order collect mites superfamilies Dermanyssoidea Trombiculoidea. We generated generalized linear models rodent characteristics Index Relative Anthropization (IRA) contribute relative best model suggests that mite influenced by IRA terrestrial abundance. There relationship rodents Data show as anthropization increases, decreases. shows abundance, key Trombiculoidea Our findings indicate increase alongside but decline increases. This first use an index investigate impact on Mexico.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the Environmental Drivers of Lassa Fever in West Africa: A Systematic Review

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 504 - 504

Published: March 31, 2025

The spread of Lassa virus in West Africa is reliant on the abundance and distribution its rodent host reservoirs. While impact environmental change viral has been studied for many zoonotic viruses, there still a limited understanding how seasonal impacts, land-use conversion, biodiversity loss influence expansion among This systematic review synthesizes existing research association between variables circulation to inform future research, public health interventions, One Health policy. We searched international African scientific databases using set pre-defined search terms obtain publications reporting 1969 2023. A total 9465 articles were retrieved from this 70 studies met inclusion criteria review. Through data extraction, we identified precipitation, change, as key drivers reservoir hosts; however, also highlight notable gaps knowledge that limit our current these complex relationships. underscores need interdisciplinary strategies mitigate impacts transmission protect vulnerable populations Africa.

Language: Английский

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Protocol to produce a systematic Arenavirus and Hantavirus host-pathogen database: Project ArHa.

Wellcome Open Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10, P. 227 - 227

Published: April 28, 2025

Arenaviruses and Hantaviruses, primarily hosted by rodents shrews, represent significant public health threats due to their potential for zoonotic spillover into human populations. Despite global distribution, the full impact of these viruses on remains poorly understood, particularly in regions like Africa, where data is sparse. Both virus families continue emerge, with pathogen evolution driven anthropogenic factors such as land use change, climate biodiversity loss. Recent research highlights complex interactions between ecological dynamics, host species, environmental shaping risk transmission spillover. This underscores need integrated genomic approaches better understand diseases. A comprehensive, spatially temporally explicit dataset, incorporating host-pathogen dynamics disease data, crucial improving assessments, enhancing surveillance, guiding interventions. Such a dataset (ArHa) would also support predictive modelling efforts aimed at mitigating future events. paper proposes development this unified database small-mammal hosts Arenaviruses identifying gaps current promoting more comprehensive understanding prevalence, risk, viral evolution.

Language: Английский

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