Effects of thermal fluctuations on biological processes: a meta-analysis of experiments manipulating thermal variability

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 290(1992)

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Thermal variability is a key driver of ecological processes, affecting organisms and populations across multiple temporal scales. Despite the ubiquity variation, biologists lack quantitative synthesis observed consequences thermal wide range taxa, phenotypic traits experimental designs. Here, we conduct meta-analysis to investigate how properties organisms, their experienced regime whether in either past (prior an assay) or present (during affect performance relative experiencing constant environments. Our results—which draw upon 1712 effect sizes from 75 studies—indicate that effects are not unidirectional become more negative as mean temperature fluctuation increase. Exposure variation decreases greater extent than increases costs diminishing benefits broad set empirical studies. Further, identify life-history attributes predictably modify response variation. findings demonstrate on context-dependent, yet outcomes may be heightened warmer, variable climates.

Language: Английский

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Thermal limits of survival and reproduction depend on stress duration: A case study of Drosophila suzukii

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Studies of ectotherm responses to heat extremes often rely on assessing absolute critical limits for coma or death (CT max ), however, such single parameter metrics ignore the importance stress exposure duration. Furthermore, population persistence may be affected at temperatures considerably below CT through decreased reproductive output. Here we investigate relationship between tolerance duration and severity across three ecologically relevant life‐history traits (productivity, mortality) using global agricultural pest Drosophila suzukii . For first time, show that sublethal traits, decreases exponentially with increasing temperature ( R 2 > 0.97), thereby extending Thermal Death Time framework recently developed mortality coma. Using field micro‐environmental temperatures, how thermal can lead considerable loss limited highlighting including performance in ecological studies vulnerability.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the biology of species' ranges: when and how does evolution change the rules of ecological engagement?

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1848)

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

Understanding processes that limit species' ranges has been a core issue in ecology and evolutionary biology for many decades, become increasingly important given the need to predict responses of biological communities rapid environmental change. However, we still have poor understanding evolution at range limits its capacity change ecological 'rules engagement' define these communities, as well time frame over which this occurs. Here link papers current volume some key concepts involved interactions between margins. In particular, separate hypotheses about margins focus on hard limits, determine how genotypes interact with their environment, from those concerned soft where when local adaptation can persist space time. We show theoretical models empirical studies highlight conditions under gene flow expand contain them. doing so, emphasize complex interplay selection, demography population structure throughout geographical determines persistence communities. despite impressively detailed particularly invertebrates plants, few generalizations emerged outline directions future work such considering impact structural genetic variants metapopulation interaction mating systems non-random dispersal. This article is part theme 'Species' face changing environments (Part II)'.

Language: Английский

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The role of phenotypic plasticity in the establishment of range margins

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1846)

Published: Jan. 24, 2022

It has been argued that adaptive phenotypic plasticity may facilitate range expansions over spatially and temporally variable environments. However, induce fitness costs. This hinder the evolution of plasticity. Earlier modelling studies examined role during populations with fixed genetic variance. variance evolves in natural populations. critically alter model outcomes. We ask: how does capacity for evolving margins without are expected to attain? answered this question using computer simulations analytical approximations. found a critical cost above which no impact on population. Below cost, by contrast, facilitates expansion, extending comparison further evolve buffer temporal environmental fluctuations, but only when is below cost. Thus, key factor involved potential express plastic response trait. article part theme issue ‘Species' ranges face changing environments (part I)’.

Language: Английский

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Into the wild—a field study on the evolutionary and ecological importance of thermal plasticity in ectotherms across temperate and tropical regions

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1846)

Published: Jan. 24, 2022

Understanding how environmental factors affect the thermal tolerance of species is crucial for predicting impact stress on abundance and distribution. To date, species' responses to are typically assessed laboratory-reared individuals using coarse, low-resolution, climate data that may not reflect microhabitat dynamics at a relevant scale. Here, we examine daily temporal variation in heat range their natural environments across temperate tropical Australia. Individuals were collected habitats throughout day tested immediately thereafter, while local microclimates recorded collection sites. We found high levels plasticity all species. Both short- long-term variability temperature humidity affected plastic adjustments within days, but with differences. Our results reveal changes occur rapidly scale relatively short timescale important drivers observed tolerance. Ignoring such fine-scale physiological processes distribution models might obscure conclusions about shifts global change. This article part theme issue ‘Species’ ranges face changing (part 1)’.

Language: Английский

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Crossing thermal boundaries: Quantifying the impact of sublethal heat stress on growth in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 30, 2025

Abstract Ectothermic responses to permissive temperatures that support growth, maintenance and repair are typically modelled by thermal performance curves (TPC). In contrast, death time (TDT) models well suited describe the potent, exponential accumulation of injury occurs at stressful temperatures. While each model is understood, complexity arises when boundaries crossed. Using larvae black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) we characterise a curve for growth. We then apply optimal temperature (TPC opt = 35.6°C) as recovery point assess growth impairment in following controlled, dose‐specific exposure stress beyond upper boundary TPC max ~ 42°C). Above 42°C, accumulates additively towards lethal dose, with higher intensities accelerating shortening survival (Lt 50 ), predicted TDT model. parameters, fixed doses (e.g. 10%, 20%, 30% dose) demonstrate negative linear relationship between dose subsequent reduction specific rate returned temperature. Specifically, sublethal heat corresponding 1% Lt reduces relative 1.41% day −1 evaluated after 1 day. Over time, injured recover, apparent is, therefore, reduced 7 days (0.14% 10 (0.09% ). Instead, initial gradually manifested delayed development, reaching prepupal stage 0.0247 later dose. Collectively, these findings how consequent model‐based approach can quantify cost animals experience fluctuations range. show costs have lasting fitness consequences, increase linearly additive across Acknowledging parametrising effects essential forecasting climate change impacts natural systems quantifying large‐scale insect production. Read free Plain Language Summary this article on Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Temporal regulation of temperature tolerances and gene expression in an arctic insect

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 226(11)

Published: May 17, 2023

Terrestrial arthropods in the Arctic are exposed to highly variable temperatures that frequently reach cold and warm extremes. Yet, ecophysiological studies on arctic insects typically focus ability of species tolerate low temperatures, whereas investigating physiological adaptations periodically few. In this study, we investigated temporal changes thermal tolerances transcriptome Greenlandic seed bug Nysius groenlandicus, collected field across different times Southern Greenland. We found plastic heat occurred rapidly (within hours) at a daily scale field, these correlated with diurnal temperature variation. Using RNA sequencing, provide molecular underpinnings rapid adjustments tolerance ambient laboratory. show transcriptional responses sensitive changes, days characterized by high variation induced markedly expression patterns than thermally stable days. Further, genes associated laboratory-induced responses, including shock proteins vitellogenins, were shared laboratory experiments, but time points lower field. Cold stress not manifested transcriptomic level.

Language: Английский

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The importance of considering the duration of extreme temperatures when investigating responses to climate change

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(22), P. 6577 - 6585

Published: Aug. 10, 2022

The frequency and duration of heatwaves are increasing because human activities. To cope with the changes, species longer generation times may have to rely on plastic responses. probability that their responses adaptive is higher if experienced temperature fluctuations also in evolutionary past. However, experimental studies investigating often use exposure significantly shorter than recent heatwaves. We show this can lead faulty conclusions has be considered designs. recorded response threespine stickleback prolonged during breeding season, using a population large its past and, hence, expected endure changes well. found males adaptively adjust reproductive behaviours short periods temperature, but not extended across two cycles. Males initially increased activities-nest building, courtship parental care-which ensured high success first cycle, decreased activities second cycle when exposed sustained temperature. This reduced resulted fewer offspring. Thus, well suffers fitness reductions prolonged. results stress importance considering extreme environmental conditions impact species. Responses short-term exposures cannot extrapolated assess conditions.

Language: Английский

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Introduction to the theme issue ‘Species' ranges in the face of changing environments’

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1848)

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

Understanding where, when and how species' ranges will be modified is both a fundamental problem essential to predicting spatio-temporal environmental changes in abiotic biotic factors impact biodiversity. Notably, different species may respond disparately similar changes: some overcome an change only with difficulty or not at all, while other readily the same change. Ranges contract, expand move. The drivers consequences of this variability responses remain puzzling. Importantly, range creates feedbacks conditions, populations communities its previous current range, rendering population genetic, dynamic community processes inextricably linked. these links critical guiding biodiversity management conservation efforts. This theme issue presents thinking about mechanisms that limit and/or modify ranges. It also outlines approaches detect distributions, illustrates cases modifications several taxa. Overall, highlights urgency understanding but shows we are just beginning disentangle involved. One way forward unite ecology evolutionary biology empirical modelling approaches. article part 'Species' face changing environments (Part II)'.

Language: Английский

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Rapid Adjustments in Thermal Tolerance and the Metabolome to Daily Environmental Changes – A Field Study on the Arctic Seed Bug Nysius groenlandicus

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

Laboratory investigations on terrestrial model-species, typically of temperate origin, have demonstrated that ectotherms can cope with daily temperature variations through rapid hardening responses. However, few studies investigated this ability and its physiological basis in the field. Especially polar regions, where temporal spatial be extreme, are responses expected to important. Here, we examined diurnal adjustments heat cold tolerance Greenlandic seed bug Nysius groenlandicus by collecting individuals for thermal assessment at different time points within across days. We found a significant correlation between observed or ambient microhabitat temperatures capture, indicating N. continuously short time-windows respond physiologically changes and/or other environmental variables their microhabitats. Secondly, assessed underlying metabolomic fingerprints using GC-MS metabolomics subset collected during days either low high variation. Concentrations metabolites, including sugars, polyols, free amino acids varied significantly collection. For instance, detected elevated sugar levels animals caught lowest field temperatures. Polyol concentrations were lower morning evening higher midday afternoon, possibly reflecting temperature. Additionally, metabolites associated energetic metabolism collection times. Our findings suggest these extreme environments marked likely play crucial role coping variation scale, metabolite actively altered basis.

Language: Английский

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