Burning questions for a warming and changing world: 15 unknowns in plant abiotic stress

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 67 - 108

Published: Aug. 26, 2022

We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common themes of these include the need better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; environmental signals interface endogenous signaling development (e.g. circadian clock flowering time); this integrated controls downstream responses stomatal regulation, proline metabolism, growth versus defense balance). The plasma membrane comes up frequently a site key transport events mechanosensing lipid-derived signaling, aquaporins). Adaptation extremes CO2 affects hydraulic architecture transpiration, well root shoot morphology, ways not fully understood. Environmental adaptation involves tradeoffs that limit ecological distribution crop resilience face changing increasingly unpredictable environments. Exploration diversity within among species can help us know which represent fundamental limits ones be circumvented bringing new trait combinations together. Better defining what constitutes beneficial resistance different contexts making connections between genes phenotypes, laboratory field observations, are overarching challenges.

Language: Английский

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Forest tree species adaptation to climate across biomes: Building on the legacy of ecological genetics to anticipate responses to climate change

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(17), P. 4711 - 4730

Published: April 8, 2023

Abstract Intraspecific variation plays a critical role in extant and future forest responses to climate change. Forest tree species with wide climatic niches rely on the intraspecific resulting from genetic adaptation phenotypic plasticity accommodate spatial temporal variability. A centuries‐old legacy of ecological genetics provenance trials has provided strong foundation upon which continue building this knowledge, is maintain climate‐adapted forests. Our overall objective understand trees across biomes, while our specific objectives are describe models used build foundational summarize modeling approaches that have expanded traditional toolset, extensively review literature 1994 2021 highlight main contributions new analyzes trials. We reviewed 103 studies comprising at least three common gardens, covered 58 species, 28 them range‐wide studies. Although using trial data cover mostly commercially important temperate boreal synthesis provides global overview climate. found evidence for local commonly present studied (79%), being more conifers (87.5%) than broadleaf (67%). In 57% clines fitness‐related traits were associated temperature variables, 14% precipitation, 25% both. Evidence lags was 50% conclude analysis provide excellent insights variation, whereas limits plasticity, will likely determine fate forests, vastly understudied.

Language: Английский

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Connecting research and practice to enhance the evolutionary potential of species under climate change

Conservation Science and Practice, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(2)

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

Abstract Resource managers have rarely accounted for evolutionary dynamics in the design or implementation of climate change adaptation strategies. We brought research and management communities together to identify challenges opportunities applying evidence from science support on‐the‐ground actions intended enhance species' potential. amalgamated input natural‐resource practitioners interdisciplinary scientists information needs, current knowledge that can fill those future avenues research. Three focal areas guide engagement include: (1) recognizing when act, (2) understanding feasibility assessing potential, (3) identifying best practices. Although researchers commonly propose using molecular methods estimate genetic diversity gene flow as key indicators we offer guidance on several additional attributes (and their proxies) may also decision‐making, particularly absence data. Finally, outline existing decision‐making frameworks help compare alternative strategies supporting with goal increasing effective use information, species conservation concern. caution, however, arguing over nuance generate confusion; instead, dedicating increased focus a decision‐relevant base better lend itself actions.

Language: Английский

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Nutrient dilution and the future of herbivore populations

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(9), P. 809 - 820

Published: June 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Understanding polyploid establishment: temporary persistence or stable coexistence?

Oikos, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(5)

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Polyploidy, resulting from whole‐genome duplication (WGD), is ubiquitous in nature and reportedly associated with extreme environments biological invasions. However, WGD usually comes great costs, raising questions about the establishment chance of newly formed polyploids. The surprisingly high number polyploid mixed‐ploidy species observed may be a consequence their continuous emergence or reflect stable persistence even coexistence ancestral ploidy under certain circumstances. empirical studies on contemporary often neglect cost–benefit balances characteristics, tradeoffs between phenotypic intercytotype interactions, recurrent formation, stochastic processes. Here, we advocate for considering population‐level success, combining aforementioned factors that affect long‐term ancestors. We approach paradox despite costs modern theory perspective give an overview diversity mechanisms timing potentially enable rather than transient persistence.

Language: Английский

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Trade-offs and Trait Integration in Tree Phenotypes: Consequences for the Sustainable Use of Genetic Resources

Current Forestry Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 196 - 222

Published: March 20, 2024

Abstract Purpose of Review In this review, we synthesise current knowledge on trade-offs among traits in key fitness dimensions and identify major research gaps with the intention laying groundwork for a rapid advance tree breeding multiple objectives as contribution to sustainability planted forests future. Recent Findings Trade-offs growth, reproduction, defence, stress tolerance product quality predicted theoretically have been reported experimentally many programmes. Among these trade-offs, genetic linkage between resistance against biotic threats growth (or other relevant traits) is particularly critical future management forest resources. Maintaining wood novel environments requires assessment correlations target phenology, closely linked survival temperature extremes. Improving our drought objective trees obligates more precise definition both specific experimental conditions. Published evidence suggests that common programmes may trade-off reproductive success fire-adaptation, simultaneous improvement still remains constraint traditional breeding. Summary Changing combined pests diseases are challenging plantation forestry worldwide, which implies an urgent need develop new strategies build resilience environments. It essential better understanding how interact, especially those important production, climate threat resilience, but much information missing. Since affected by environment, studies under forecast levels multi-trait integration populations.

Language: Английский

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Temperate species underfill their tropical thermal potentials on land

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(12), P. 1993 - 2003

Published: Nov. 6, 2023

Abstract Understanding how temperature determines the distribution of life is necessary to assess species’ sensitivities contemporary climate change. Here, we test importance in limiting geographic ranges ectotherms by comparing temperatures and areas that species occupy could potentially on basis their physiological thermal tolerances. We find marine across all latitudes terrestrial from tropics closely match However, temperate polar are absent warm, thermally tolerable they beyond equatorward range limits, indicating extreme often not factor distributions at lower latitudes. This matches predictions hypothesis adaptation cold environments facilitates survival regions associated with a performance trade-off reduces abilities contend tropics, possibly due biotic exclusion. Our findings predict more direct responses warming cool edges species.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the biology of species' ranges: when and how does evolution change the rules of ecological engagement?

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1848)

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

Understanding processes that limit species' ranges has been a core issue in ecology and evolutionary biology for many decades, become increasingly important given the need to predict responses of biological communities rapid environmental change. However, we still have poor understanding evolution at range limits its capacity change ecological 'rules engagement' define these communities, as well time frame over which this occurs. Here link papers current volume some key concepts involved interactions between margins. In particular, separate hypotheses about margins focus on hard limits, determine how genotypes interact with their environment, from those concerned soft where when local adaptation can persist space time. We show theoretical models empirical studies highlight conditions under gene flow expand contain them. doing so, emphasize complex interplay selection, demography population structure throughout geographical determines persistence communities. despite impressively detailed particularly invertebrates plants, few generalizations emerged outline directions future work such considering impact structural genetic variants metapopulation interaction mating systems non-random dispersal. This article is part theme 'Species' face changing environments (Part II)'.

Language: Английский

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Assessing uncertainty in genomic offset forecasts from landscape genomic models (and implications for restoration and assisted migration)

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: June 19, 2023

Introduction Ecological genomic models are increasingly used to guide climate-conscious restoration and conservation practices in the light of accelerating environmental change. Genomic offsets that quantify disruption existing genotype–environment associations under change a promising model-based tool inform such measures. With recent advances, potential applications offset predictions include but not restricted to: (1) assessing situ climate risks, (2) mapping future habitat suitability while accounting for local adaptations, or (3) selecting donor populations recipient areas maximize diversity minimize maladaptation environments assisted migration planning. As any approach, it is crucial understand how arbitrary decisions made during modeling process affect induce uncertainty. Methods Here, we present sensitivity analysis various components influence forecasts offset-based metrics, using red spruce ( Picea rubens ), cool-temperate tree species endemic eastern North America, as case study. We assess effects marker set, climatic predictor scenario, “not-to-exceed” threshold evaluate uncertainty varies across space. Results Climate scenario induced by far largest our forecasts; however, choice set was also important regions Southern Central Appalachians high relevance efforts. While much effort often expended identifying candidate loci, found minor importance. The maximum limit transfers between locations programs has mostly affected magnitude rather than geographic variation predictions. Discussion Overall, model suggest risks entire distributional range strongly underscore help ameliorate these risks. In regard, well along US Canadian east coast seem best candidates both relocation.

Language: Английский

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Plant Species’ Capacity for Range Shifts at the Habitat and Geographic Scales: A Trade-Off-Based Framework

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1248 - 1248

Published: March 9, 2023

Climate change is causing rapid shifts in the abiotic and biotic environmental conditions experienced by plant populations, but we lack generalizable frameworks for predicting consequences species. These changes may cause individuals to become poorly matched their environments, potentially inducing distributions of populations altering species’ habitat geographic ranges. We present a trade-off-based framework understanding whether species undergo range shifts, based on ecological strategies defined functional trait variation. define capacity undergoing as product its colonization ability express phenotype well-suited environment across life stages (phenotype–environment matching), which are both strongly influenced strategy unavoidable trade-offs function. While numerous be successful an environment, severe phenotype–environment mismatches result filtering: propagules reach site cannot establish there. Operating within these processes will affect ranges at small scales, aggregated determine track climatic shifts. This can provide conceptual basis distribution models that species, aiding prediction response climate change.

Language: Английский

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