The road to recovery: a synthesis of outcomes from ecosystem restoration in tropical and sub-tropical Asian forests

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 378(1867)

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

Current policy is driving renewed impetus to restore forests return ecological function, protect species, sequester carbon and secure livelihoods. Here we assess the contribution of tree planting ecosystem restoration in tropical sub-tropical Asia; synthesize evidence on mortality growth planted trees at 176 sites structural biodiversity recovery co-located actively restored naturally regenerating forest plots. Mean was 18% 1 year after planting, increasing 44% 5 years. Mortality varied strongly by site typically ca 20% higher open areas than degraded forest, with height positively affecting survival. Size-standardized rates were negatively related species-level wood density plantations enrichment settings. Based community-level data from 11 landscapes, active resulted faster accumulation basal area properties closer old-growth reference sites, relative natural regeneration, but species richness did not differ. High variability outcomes across indicates that for potentially rewarding risky context-dependent. Restoration projects must prepare manage commonly occurring challenges align efforts reconnect remaining areas. The abstract this article available Bahasa Indonesia electronic supplementary material. This part theme issue 'Understanding landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations UN Decade Ecosystem Restoration'.

Language: Английский

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Resolving land tenure security is essential to deliver forest restoration

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: May 25, 2023

Abstract Tropical countries are making ambitious commitments to Forest Landscape Restoration with the aim of locking up carbon, conserving biodiversity and benefiting local livelihoods. However, global national analyses restoration potential frequently ignore socio-legal complexities which impact both effectiveness equitability restoration. We show that areas highest disproportionately found in weak rule law those substantial unrecognised land tenure. Focussing on Madagascar, at least 67% must be untitled land, where tenure is often unclear or contested, we how unresolved issues one most important limitations forest This likely a bigger problem than currently recognized without efforts resolve issues, opportunities equitably scale globally significantly over-estimated.

Language: Английский

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Tree diversity reduces variability in sapling survival under drought

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(5), P. 1164 - 1180

Published: April 8, 2024

Abstract Enhancing tree diversity may be important to fostering resilience drought‐related climate extremes. So far, little attention has been given whether can increase the survival of trees and reduce its variability in young forest plantations. We conducted an analysis seedling sapling from 34 globally distributed experiments (363,167 trees, 168 species, 3744 plots, 7 biomes) answer two questions: (1) Do drought alter mean plot‐level survival, with higher less variable as increases? (2) species that survive poorly monocultures better mixtures do specific functional traits explain monoculture survival? Tree richness reduced while (Rao's Q entropy) increased also variability. Importantly, reduction became stronger severity increased. found low survived comparatively when under drought. Species was positively associated resistance (indicated by hydraulic such turgor loss point), plant height conservative resource‐acquisition (e.g. leaf nitrogen concentration small size). Synthesis. The findings highlight: effectiveness for decreasing drought; importance altered response From ecological perspective, we recommend mixing considered stabilize particularly functionally diverse forests drought‐resistant promote high drought‐sensitive species.

Language: Английский

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Explore before you restore: Incorporating complex systems thinking in ecosystem restoration

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61(5), P. 922 - 939

Published: March 24, 2024

Abstract The global movement for ecosystem restoration has gained momentum in response to the Bonn Challenge (2010) and UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (UNDER, 2021–2030). While several science‐based guidelines exist aid achieving successful outcomes, significant variation remains outcomes of projects. Some this disparity can be attributed unexpected responses components planned interventions. Given complex nature ecosystems, we propose that concepts from Complex Systems Science (CSS) are linked non‐linearity, such as regime shifts, ecological resilience feedbacks, should employed help explain an perspective. Our framework, Explore Before You Restore, illustrates how these impact by influencing degradation recovery trajectories. Additionally, incorporating CSS into typical project cycle through a assessment phase suggest need is explicitly included improve outcomes. To facilitate inclusion make it workable practitioners, describe indicators methods available teams answer key questions up assessment. In doing so, identify outstanding science policy tasks needed further operationalize restoration. Synthesis applications . By illustrating non‐linear threshold behaviour trajectories, our framework Restore demonstrates incorporate thinking We argue cycles, more broadly, international guidelines, may significantly

Language: Английский

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Integrating habitat risk and landscape resilience in forest protection and restoration planning for biodiversity conservation

Landscape and Urban Planning, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 248, P. 105111 - 105111

Published: May 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Fifteen essential science advances needed for effective restoration of the world's forest landscapes

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 378(1867)

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

There has never been a more pressing and opportune time for science practice to collaborate towards restoration of the world's forests. Multiple uncertainties remain achieving successful, long-term forest landscape (FLR). In this article, we use expert knowledge literature review identify gaps that need closing advance practice, as an introduction landmark theme issue on FLR UN Decade Ecosystem Restoration. Aligned with Adaptive Management Cycle FLR, 15 essential advances required facilitate success nature people. They highlight greatest challenges lie in conceptualization, planning assessment stages restoration, which require evidence base why, where how restore, at realistic scales. underlying sciences are complex, requiring spatially explicit approaches across disciplines sectors, considering multiple objectives, drivers trade-offs critical decision-making financing. The developing tropics priority region, scientists must work stakeholders Cycle. Clearly communicated scientific action outset will enable donors, decision makers implementers develop informed targets processes accountability. This article paves way 19 further articles issue, author contributions from world. is part 'Understanding restoration: reinforcing foundations Restoration'.

Language: Английский

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Positive effects of tree diversity on tropical forest restoration in a field-scale experiment

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(37)

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

Experiments under controlled conditions have established that ecosystem functioning is generally positively related to levels of biodiversity, but it unclear how widespread these effects are in real-world settings and whether they can be harnessed for restoration. We used remote-sensing data from the first decade a long-term, field-scale tropical restoration experiment initiated 2002 test diversity planted trees affected recovery 500-ha area selectively logged forest measured using multiple sources satellite data. Replanting species-rich mixtures tree seedlings with higher phylogenetic functional accelerated remotely sensed estimates aboveground biomass, canopy cover, leaf index. Our results consistent positive relationship between biodiversity lowland dipterocarp rainforests SE Asia demonstrate diverse species enhance their initial after logging.

Language: Английский

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The human well-being outcomes of tree plantations in sub-Saharan Africa: A reassessment of evidence using longitudinal subnational-year data

Forest Policy and Economics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 160, P. 103141 - 103141

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Advances and shortfalls in applying best practices to global tree‐growing efforts

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(2)

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Abstract As global tree‐growing efforts have escalated in the past decade, copious failures and unintended consequences prompted many reforestation best practices guidelines. The extent to which organizations integrated these ecological socioeconomic recommendations, however, remains uncertain. We reviewed websites of 99 intermediary that promote fund projects determine how well they report following practices. Nearly half stated tree or area planting targets, but only 25% had measurable, time‐bound objectives. Most discussed benefits local communities would receive from trees, 38% reported measures outcomes. Nonprofit with greater prior experience converged more closely on practices, their level scientific expertise was positively associated clearer project selection standards. Although acknowledge importance clear goals, community involvement, monitoring, our results raise questions regarding whether long‐term are being achieved emphasize need for stronger public accountability

Language: Английский

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Integrating forest restoration into land-use planning at large spatial scales

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(9), P. R452 - R472

Published: May 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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