Phylogenetic analysis of viviparity, matrotrophy, and other reproductive patterns in chondrichthyan fishes

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1314 - 1356

Published: April 1, 2024

ABSTRACT The reproductive diversity of extant cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) is extraordinarily broad, reflecting more than 400 million years evolutionary history. Among their many notable specialisations are viviparity (live‐bearing reproduction) and matrotrophy (maternal provision nutrients during gestation). However, attempts to understand the evolution these traits have yielded highly discrepant conclusions. Here, we compile analyse current knowledge on in Chondrichthyes with particular foci frequency, phylogenetic distribution, directionality changes modes reproduction. To characterise transformations, amassed largest empirical data set parameters date covering nearly 800 species analysed it via a comprehensive molecular‐based phylogeny. Our reconstructions indicated that ancestral pattern for ‘short single oviparity’ (as found holocephalans) which females lay successive clutches (broods) one or two eggs. Viviparity has originated at least 12 times, 10 origins among sharks, batoids, (based published evidence) another potential origin fossil holocephalan. Substantial evolved six including placentotrophy, three separate oophagy (egg ingestion), histotrophy (uptake uterine secretions). In clades, placentation was replaced by histotrophy. Unlike past reconstructions, our analysis reveals no evidence ever reverted oviparity this group. Both arisen variety sequences. addition, given rise distinct egg‐laying patterns increased clutch (brood) size and/or involved deposition eggs advanced stages development. Geologically, oviparous arose Paleozoic. Most Mesozoic, while few represented low taxonomic levels Cenozoic origin. Coupled other recent work, review points way towards an emerging consensus chondrichthyans offering basis future functional analyses. This also contributes conservation efforts highlighting taxa whose reflect distinctive trajectories deserve special protection further investigation.

Language: Английский

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The placenta: epigenetic insights into trophoblast developmental models of a generation-bridging organ with long-lasting impact on lifelong health

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 103(4), P. 2523 - 2560

Published: May 12, 2023

The placenta is a unique organ system that functionally combines both maternal and fetal cell types with distinct lineage origins. Normal placentation critical for developmental progression reproductive success. Although the best known its nutrient supply function to fetus, genetic experiments in mice highlight also pivotal directing proper formation of specific organs. These roles underscore importance pregnancy outcome lifelong health span, which makes it essential better understand molecular processes governing placental development find adequate models study it. In this review, we provide an overview instructional role epigenome dictating fate decisions specifically trophoblast lineage. We then focus on recent advances exploring stem organoid reflecting feto-maternal interface humans much-improved tools events early development. discuss cells derived from as well those artificially induced resemble placenta, how they can be combined embryonic endometrial uterus reconstitute implantation site. allude exciting prospects these harnessed biomedicine enhance our understanding pathological underpinnings complications patient-specific manner, ultimately facilitate therapeutic approaches tissue- organ-based regenerative medicine.

Language: Английский

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Different Genes are Recruited During Convergent Evolution of Pregnancy and the Placenta

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 39(4)

Published: April 1, 2022

Abstract The repeated evolution of the same traits in distantly related groups (convergent evolution) raises a key question evolutionary biology: do genes underpin convergent phenotypes? Here, we explore one such trait, viviparity (live birth), which, qualitative studies suggest, may indeed have evolved via genetic convergence. There are >150 independent origins live birth vertebrates, providing uniquely powerful system to test mechanisms underpinning convergence morphology, physiology, and/or gene recruitment during pregnancy. We compared transcriptomic data from eight vertebrates (lizards, mammals, sharks) that gestate embryos within uterus. Since many previous detected similarities use pregnancy, expected find significant overlap viviparous taxa. However, found no more uterine expression associated with than would expect by chance alone. Each lineage exhibits core set physiological functions. Yet, contrary prevailing assumptions about this none differentially expressed all lineages, or even amniote lineages. Therefore, across different been recruited support morphological and changes required for successful conclude redundancies function enabled through genomic “toolboxes”, which constrained ancestries each lineage.

Language: Английский

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Genome‐Wide Mining of lncRNAs Reveals Their Potential Regulatory Role in the Evolution of Viviparity

Integrative Zoology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 28, 2025

ABSTRACT Reproduction in vertebrates usually involves egg‐laying (oviparity) or live‐bearing (viviparity). Oviparity is the ancestral trait from which viviparity has independently evolved more than 100 times squamate reptiles. This transition a series of physiological and structural changes, including degeneration eggshell evolution placenta differences temporal spatial expression patterns some functional genes that drive transformation. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles regulation gene expression, yet it remains unclear whether they participate shifts during oviparity to viviparity, if so how. Therefore, we employ deep mining identify novel lncRNAs closely related oviparous‐viviparous pair lizards ( Phrynocephalus przewalskii P. vlangalii ). We construct cis‐ trans‐regulatory networks between target using transcriptomic data oviduct uteri tissues across reproductive periods. Results show regulate gland developmental oviparous lizard are lost less expressed viviparous lizard. A number involved placental development embryo attachment species have no orthologs species, others little expression. Accordingly, may regulatory changes viviparity. These results open doors further elucidation genetic networks.

Language: Английский

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Distinguishing Between Embryonic Provisioning Strategies in Teleost Fishes Using a Threshold Value for Parentotrophy

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 166 - 166

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

The source of embryonic nutrition for development varies across teleost fishes. A parentotrophy index (ratio neonate: ovulated egg dry mass) is often used to determine provisioning strategy, but the methodologies vary studies. variation in and preservation tissue, staging embryos, estimation approach impedes our ability discern between methodological biological differences indices inter- intra-specifically. threshold value distinguish lecithotrophy (0.6-1) differs considerably lack a standardised definition application has contributed inconsistent classifications strategy. Consistency both methodology obtain index, classification strategy using are essential reliably strategies teleosts. We discuss alternative methods determining suggest consistent standards obtaining interpreting indices.

Language: Английский

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Livestock species as emerging models for genomic imprinting

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetically-regulated process of central importance in mammalian development and evolution. It involves multiple levels regulation, with spatio-temporal heterogeneity, leading to the context-dependent parent-of-origin specific expression a small fraction genome. studies have therefore been essential increase basic knowledge functional genomics, evolution biology developmental biology, as well regard potential clinical agrigenomic perspectives. Here we offer overview on contribution livestock research, which features attractive resources several respects, for better understanding genomic its impacts. Given related broad implications complexity, promote use such studying holistic integrative view. We hope this mini-review will draw attention relevance stimulate research area.

Language: Английский

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Genomics, the diversification of mammals, and the evolution of placentation

Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 516, P. 167 - 182

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

When and why did variations in placental structure function evolve? Such questions cannot be addressed without a reliable version of mammalian phylogeny. Twenty-five years ago, the tree was reshaped by molecular phylogenetics. Soon it shown, contrast to prevailing theories, that common ancestor mammals had invasive placentation. Subsequently, evolution many other features extraembryonic membranes addressed. This endeavour stimulated research fill gaps our knowledge morphology. Last year again revised based on large set genomic data. With mind, this review provides an update placentation nineteen orders mammals, incorporating much recent The principal such as shape, interdigitation, interhaemal barrier yolk sac are summarized synoptic tables. traits its timing is then explored reference tree. Examples early appearance epitheliochorial artiodactyls, perissodactyls, pangolins carnivores (with reversion forms latter) later refinements binucleate trophoblast cells placentomes ruminants. In primates, intervillous space gradually evolved from more basic labyrinth whereas invasion decidua late development humans great apes. Only seldom can we glimpse "why" evolution. best examples concern hormones, including some striking convergent chorionic gonadotropins primates equids. concluding, I current ideas about what drives identify significant placentation, several relevant primates.

Language: Английский

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The evolution of reproductive characters: an organismal-relational approach

Biology & Philosophy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(5)

Published: Sept. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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The extension of mammalian pregnancy required taming inflammation: Independent evolution of extended placentation in the tammar wallaby

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(42)

Published: Oct. 8, 2024

In the first live-bearing mammals, pregnancy was likely short and ended with a brief period of inflammatory maternal–fetal interaction. This mode reproduction has been retained in many marsupials. While inflammation is key to successful implantation eutherians, innovation eutherians ability switch off this after it initiated. extended period, which suppressed, allowed for an placentation. Extended placentation evolved independently one lineage marsupials, macropodids (wallabies kangaroos), lasting beyond 2 4 d seen other marsupial taxa, allows us investigate role response attachment extension mammals. By comparing gene expression changes at three species, tammar wallaby, opossum, fat-tailed dunnart, we show that ancestral feature implantation. contrast where attachment-related (quasi-) reaction even involved epitheliochorial (e.g., pig), study found no evidence distinct wallabies. Instead, only small number genes are expressed points gestation, including IL6 before attachment, LIF throughout placentation, prostaglandins birth. During parturition, more detectable, precipitating parturition cascade similar eutherians. We suggest gestation became possible by avoiding reaction, different strategy than

Language: Английский

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Ovarian changes and development of the branchial placenta occurring in Jenynsia lineata (Cyprinodontiformes, Anablepidae)

Journal of Morphology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 284(9)

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Abstract In viviparous teleosts, intraovarian gestation occurs intrafollicularly, as in poeciliids, or intraluminally, goodeids and anablepids. Furthermore, there are two different forms of embryonic nutrition: lecithotrophy matrotrophy; depending on the species, these can be exclusive coexist during gestation. matrotrophic nutrients transmitted from mother to embryo especially important species with intraluminal Jenynsia lineata is a South American teleost gestation, characterized by eggs scarce yolk, which resorbed when embryos 6 mm long, thus developing branchial placenta. Using histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical techniques, present study describes characteristics changes ovarian mucosa J . gestational nongestational phases, analyzes pharyngeal epithelium The ovaries 30 adult female specimens were processed using histological techniques stained hematoxylin‐eosin, Masson's trichrome, Alcian Blue pH 2.5/periodic acid Schiff reagent. To detect cell proliferation, we used antiproliferating nuclear antigen antibody. nonpregnant females, eosinophilic granular cells (EGCs) lymphocytes identified lamina propria tunica mucosa, melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) fibroblasts adjacent tissue debris folds'. cellular debris, an resorption was observed. pregnant has thin vascularization branches entering opercular chamber embryos, close contact forming gill processes, thereby establishing Active replacement observed branches. identification fibroblasts, lymphocytes, EGCs, MMCs could indicate that types involved process. Considering new data obtained this placenta J. , conclude proliferation development maternal–embryonic interaction.

Language: Английский

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