A global biodiversity observing system to unite monitoring and guide action

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(12), P. 1947 - 1952

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Looking back on biodiversity change: lessons for the road ahead

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1881)

Published: May 29, 2023

Estimating biodiversity change across the planet in context of widespread human modification is a critical challenge. Here, we review how has changed recent decades scales and taxonomic groups, focusing on four diversity metrics: species richness, temporal turnover, spatial beta-diversity abundance. At local scales, all metrics includes many examples both increases declines tends to be centred around zero, but with higher prevalence declining trends (increasing similarity composition space or biotic homogenization) The exception this pattern changes through time observed most assemblages. Less known about at regional although several studies suggest that richness are more prevalent than declines. Change global scale hardest estimate accurately, extinction rates probably outpacing speciation rates, elevated. Recognizing variability essential accurately portray unfolding, highlights much remains unknown magnitude direction multiple different scales. Reducing these blind spots allow appropriate management actions deployed. This article part theme issue ‘Detecting attributing causes change: needs, gaps solutions’.

Language: Английский

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Revealing uncertainty in the status of biodiversity change

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 628(8009), P. 788 - 794

Published: March 27, 2024

Abstract Biodiversity faces unprecedented threats from rapid global change 1 . Signals of biodiversity come time-series abundance datasets for thousands species over large geographic and temporal scales. Analyses these have pointed to varied trends in abundance, including increases decreases. However, analyses not fully accounted spatial, phylogenetic structures the data. Here, using a new statistical framework, we show across ten high-profile 2–11 that decreases under existing approaches vanish once are for. This is consequence severely underestimating trend uncertainty sometimes misestimating direction. Under our revised average appropriately recognize uncertainty, failed observe single increasing or decreasing at 95% credible intervals datasets. emphasizes how little known about vast spatial taxonomic Despite this scales, reveal improved local-scale prediction accuracy by accounting structures. Improved offers hope estimating policy-relevant guiding adaptive conservation responses.

Language: Английский

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Synthesis reveals approximately balanced biotic differentiation and homogenization

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(8)

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

It is commonly thought that the biodiversity crisis includes widespread declines in spatial variation of species composition, called biotic homogenization. Using a typology relating homogenization and differentiation to local regional diversity changes, we synthesize patterns across 461 metacommunities surveyed for 10 91 years, 64 checklists (13 500+ years). Across all datasets, found no change was most common outcome, but with many instances differentiation. A weak homogenizing trend 0.3% increase shared among communities/year on average driven by increased numbers (high occupancy) strongly associated checklist data have longer durations large scales. At smaller temporal scales, show can be changes number distributions both rare species. The multiscale perspective introduced here help identify scale-dependent drivers underpinning

Language: Английский

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The global human impact on biodiversity

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 26, 2025

Abstract Human activities drive a wide range of environmental pressures, including habitat change, pollution and climate resulting in unprecedented effects on biodiversity 1,2 . However, despite decades research, generalizations the dimensions extent human impacts remain ambiguous. Mixed views persist trajectory at local scale 3 even more so biotic homogenization across space 4,5 We compiled 2,133 publications covering 97,783 impacted reference sites, creating an unparallelled dataset 3,667 independent comparisons all main organismal groups, habitats five most predominant pressures 1,6 For comparisons, we quantified three key measures to assess how these shifts composition biological communities changes diversity, respectively. show that distinctly shift community decrease diversity terrestrial, freshwater marine ecosystems. Yet, contrary long-standing expectations, there is no clear general communities. Critically, direction magnitude vary organisms scales which they are studied. Our exhaustive global analysis reveals impact mediating factors can benchmark conservation strategies.

Language: Английский

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Economic factors underlying biodiversity loss

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1881)

Published: May 29, 2023

Contemporary economic thinking does not acknowledge that the human economy is embedded in Nature; it instead treats humanity as a customer draws on Nature. In this paper, we present grammar for reasoning built error. The based comparison between our demand Nature's maintenance and regulating services her ability to supply them sustainable basis. then used show measuring well-being, national statistical offices should estimate an inclusive measure of their economies' wealth its distribution, GDP distribution. concept 'inclusive wealth' identify policy instruments ought be manage such global public goods open seas tropical rainforests. Trade liberalization without heed paid fate local ecosystems from which primary products are drawn exported by developing countries leads transfer there rich importing countries. Humanity's embeddedness Nature has far-reaching implications way view activities-in households, communities, nations world. This article part theme issue 'Detecting attributing causes biodiversity change: needs, gaps solutions'.

Language: Английский

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Perspective: sustainability challenges, opportunities and solutions for long-term ecosystem observations

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1881)

Published: May 29, 2023

As interest in natural capital grows and society increasingly recognizes the value of biodiversity, we must discuss how ecosystem observations to detect changes biodiversity can be sustained through collaboration across regions sectors. However, there are many barriers establishing sustaining large-scale, fine-resolution observations. First, comprehensive monitoring data on both possible anthropogenic factors lacking. Second, some situ cannot systematically established maintained locations. Third, equitable solutions sectors countries needed build a global network. Here, by examining individual cases emerging frameworks, mainly from (but not limited to) Japan, illustrate ecological science relies long-term neglecting basic our home planet further reduces chances overcoming environmental crisis. We also techniques opportunities, such as DNA citizen well using existing forgotten sites monitoring, that help overcome difficulties at large scale with fine resolution. Overall, this paper presents call action for joint factors, systematic establishment maintenance observations, network, beyond cultures, languages, economic status. hope proposed framework examples Japan serve starting point discussions collaborations among stakeholders multiple society. It is time take next step detecting socio-ecological systems, if observation made more feasible, they will play an even important role ensuring sustainability future generations. This article part theme issue 'Detecting attributing causes change: needs, gaps solutions'.

Language: Английский

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Camera trapping expands the view into global biodiversity and its change

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1881)

Published: May 29, 2023

Growing threats to biodiversity demand timely, detailed information on species occurrence, diversity and abundance at large scales. Camera traps (CTs), combined with computer vision models, provide an efficient method survey of certain taxa high spatio-temporal resolution. We test the potential CTs close knowledge gaps by comparing CT records terrestrial mammals birds from recently released Wildlife Insights platform publicly available occurrences many observation types in Global Biodiversity Information Facility. In locations CTs, we found they sampled a greater number days (mean = 133 versus 57 days) documented additional increase 1% expected mammals). For data, provided novel documentation their ranges (93% 48% birds). Countries largest boost data coverage were historically underrepresented southern hemisphere. Although embargoes providers' willingness share cause lag availability. Our work shows that continued collection mobilization especially when sharing supports attribution privacy, has offer critical lens into biodiversity. This article is part theme issue 'Detecting attributing causes change: needs, solutions'.

Language: Английский

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Drivers of the changing abundance of European birds at two spatial scales

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1881)

Published: May 29, 2023

Detecting biodiversity change and identifying its causes is challenging because multifaceted temporal data often contain bias. Here, we model in species' abundance biomass by using extensive describing the population sizes trends of native breeding birds United Kingdom (UK) European Union (EU). In addition, explore how species’ vary with traits. We demonstrate significant bird assemblages UK EU, substantial reductions overall losses concentrated a relatively small number abundant smaller sized species. By contrast, rarer larger had generally fared better. Simultaneously, avian increased very slightly was stable indicating community structure. Abundance across species were positively correlated body mass climate suitability, varied abundance, migration strategy niche associations linked to diet. Our work highlights changes cannot be captured easily single number; care required when measuring interpreting given that different metrics can provide insights. This article part theme issue ‘Detecting attributing change: needs, gaps solutions’.

Language: Английский

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Climate change extinctions

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 386(6726), P. 1123 - 1128

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

Climate change is expected to cause irreversible changes biodiversity, but predicting those risks remains uncertain. I synthesized 485 studies and more than 5 million projections produce a quantitative global assessment of climate extinctions. With increased certainty, this meta-analysis suggests that extinctions will accelerate rapidly if temperatures exceed 1.5°C. The highest-emission scenario would threaten approximately one-third species, globally. Amphibians; species from mountain, island, freshwater ecosystems; inhabiting South America, Australia, New Zealand face the greatest threats. In line with predictions, has contributed an increasing proportion observed since 1970. Besides limiting greenhouse gases, pinpointing which protect first be critical for preserving biodiversity until anthropogenic halted reversed.

Language: Английский

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